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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Robert Hooke
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first man to see cells, he looked at plant cells through a microscope
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Anton van Leuwenhoek
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first person to see animal cells under a microscope
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Matthias Scheiden
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declared all plants are made of cells
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Theodor Schwann
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Declared all animals are made of cells
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Rudolph Virchow
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All cells come from other living cells
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cell wall
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rigid barrier found in plants, bacteria, and fungi that provides structure and support
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centriole
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organelles that attach to spindle fiber during mitosis in animal cells. look like little stars
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cell membrane
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thin, flexible barrier that regulates what goes in and out of a cell
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cytoplasm
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the gelatnous substance that supports all organelles and is the site for cellular metabolism
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golgi apparatus
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packages proteins for release and ships them from the cell
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nucleus
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control center that stores the cell's DNA and contains info neded to make proteins
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nucleolus
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manufactures ribosomes inside the nucleus
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lysosome
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breaks down food particles the cell can use (does digestion). Can also be the self-destruct button of the cell
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mitochondrion
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powerhouse of the cell; site of cellular respiration
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ribosome
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makes proteins using DNA from the nucleus
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endoplasmic reticulum
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forms vesicles and provides transport for proteins in the cell. can be rough or smooth
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vacuole
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stores water and nutrients for the cell. plants have 1 large one and animal cells have many
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cytoskeleton
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helps the cell keep its shape through a network of microtubules
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chloroplast
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site for photosynthesis makes energy for plants
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what is the purpose of the flagella in some cells?
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MOVEMENT
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the 2 types of molecules in the cell membrane
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proteins, lipids
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Cyclins
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a protein that regulates the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
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prokaryotic cells
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1) DON'T have a nucleus
2) have ribosomes, cell wall, mitochondrion 3) types of organisms are bacteria such as ecoli staphylococcus aureus |
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eukaryotic
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1) have a nucleus
2) has cytoplasm, lysosome, ribosomes 3)types of organisms: plants, animals, fungi |
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osmosis
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movement of water through a cell membrane
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solutions that have a lower amount of solute are...
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hypertonic
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solutions with a higher amount of solute are...
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hypotonic
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solutions with an equal amount of solute are...
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isotonic
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diffusion
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movement of molecules through a cell membrane from where they are crowded to where they are less crowded
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which type of diffusion requires input of energy (ATP) from the cell?
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Active transport
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What are the differences between passive and active transport?
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active transport:energy is required to move material from an area of low concentration to high
passive: moves material from an area of high concentration to low, no energy required |
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the bursting of a host cell
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lysis
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how are viruses classified?
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in accordance with which genetic material makes up their viral core (i.e. host or shape)
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size of virus compared to bacteria
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virus is smaller
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some viruses have what that helps them enter their host cell?
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an outer tail
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two main parts of a virus
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1) head
2) tail |