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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
_____ is lifes primary source of energy
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Sunlight
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energy can ______
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not be created or destroyed can change from one form to another tends to disperse spontaneously
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a measure of disorder always increases overall is
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entropy
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_____ are always changed by participating in a reaction
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reactants intermediates
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enzymes _______
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are proteins except for a few RNA's lower the activation energy of a reaction
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a metabolic pathway is/does _____________
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enzyme-mediated reactions that build,s rearanges or breaks down an organic substance
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a molecule that donates electrons becomes _______ and the one that accepts electrons becomes _____
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oxidized; reduced
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a free radical is an atom or molecule that _________
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has too few electrons
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redox reaction is not present at the reactions end
true or false |
false
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cofactor
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assists enzymes
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photosynthetic autotrophs use _____ from the air as a carbon source and ______ as their energy source
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carbon dioxide, light
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chlorophull a absorbs mainly violet and red light and reflects mainly ________ light
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green
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light dependent reactions in plants occur in the _________
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thylakoid membrane
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in the light dependent reactions ___________ is formed
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ATP
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what accumulates inside the thylakoid compartment during the light deppendent reactions?
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hydrogen ions
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when a photosystem absorbs light________
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light dependent reactions begin
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light independent reactions happen in the _________
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stroma
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the calvin-benson cycle starts when _________
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carbon dioxide is attached to RuBP
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what substance is not part of the calvin-benson cycle
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O₂
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a catt eats a bird which ate a caterpillar that chewed on a weed. which organisms are autotrophs? heterotrophs?
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the cat bird and caterpillar are heterotrophs the weed is an autotroph
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ATP & NADPH are required for the formation of
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PGAL
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CO₂fixation
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rubiscos function
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photolysis
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water molecules split
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glycolysis starts and ends in the
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cytoplasm
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which metabolic pathways require molecular oxygen
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aerobic respiration
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in eukaryotes aerobic respiration is completed in the
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mitochondrion
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which reaction pathway is not part of the second stage of aerobic respiration
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electron transfer & glycolysis
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after the krebs cycle runs ________ times one glucose molecule has been completely oxidized
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two
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in the third stage of aerobic respiration ______ is the final acceptor of electrons from glucose
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oxygen
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in alcoholic fermentation ________ is the final acceptor of electrons stripped from glucose
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acetaldehyde
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fermentation makes no more ATP beyond the small yield from glycolysis the remaining reactions regneerate _________
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NAD+
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glycolysis
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glucose to two pyruvates
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fermentation
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NAD+ regenerated little ATP
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during the krebs cycle _____________ form
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ATP, NADH, FADH₂& CO₂
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during electron transfer phosphorylation...
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H+flows through ATP synthases
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ATP is made by
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photosynthesis, degradation of organic compounds, anarobic fermentation & aerobic resparition
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what liberates the most energy in the form of ATP
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aerobic respiration
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how many ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose degraded during glycolysis?
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2
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the end product of glycolysis is
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pyruvate
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the first intermediate produced after the entry of acetyl CoA into the krebs cycle is
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citrate
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the last intermediate produced in the krebs cycle before the entry of the next acetyl-CoA is
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oxaloacetate
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the greatest number of ATP molecules is produced in the
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electron transfer phosphorylation
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under anaerobic conditions muscle cells produce
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lactate
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the main source of energy in a normal human diet is
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carbohydrates
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excess glucose in the human diet can result in accumulation of
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fat
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various forms of a gene at a given locus are called
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alleles
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the activation energy of a reaction refers to theminimum amount of energy
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necessary to cause ot to proceed on its own
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endergonic reactions
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require a net input of energy
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ATP contains
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adenine
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what easily gives up phosphate groups, primes stable molecules to react, is the energy currency in the cell's economy and is made by all cells
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ATP
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enzymes allow some reactions to occur that would never occur with out them
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false
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enzyme activity may be affected by
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salinity, pH, inhibitors & the presence of cofactors
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the first event of photosynthesis is the
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transfer of an electron from chlorophyll
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the carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis is
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CO₂
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what occures in the light independent reactions of photosynthesis?
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glucose is produced
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a high concentration of H+ in the thylakoid compartment provides energy for the ______ by ______
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production of ATP; ATP synthesis
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whit is not produced in the synthesis (light independent) reactions?
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NADPH
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the first stable compound produced from CO₂in the light independent reaction is
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PGA
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what donates phosphate in the calvin-benson cycle?
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ATP
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what compound has 6 carbon atoms?
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glucose
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what process is not associated with light independent reactions
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reduction of NADP+
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