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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the organs of the digestive system in the order in which food passes through them.
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mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
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Which enzymes act on proteins?
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Proteins are broken down in the stomach by pepsin and in the small intestine by trypsin and peptidases.
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How do villi of the small intestine increase the rate of nutrient absorption?
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By increasing the total surface area, villi increase absorption rates.
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What role does the pancreas play in digestion?
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The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes, which break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
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How would chronic diarrhea affect homeostasis of the body?
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Diarrhea has a high water content. Chronic diarrhea can result in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Fluids and electrolytes must be restored by drinking water and liquids that contain electrolytes regularly.
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digestive enzyme found in saliva and pancreatic juices; breaks down starch
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amylase
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muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach; moves food by peristalsis.
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esophagus
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series of involuntary smooth muscle contractions along the walls of the digestive tract that move food through the digestive tract.
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peristalsis
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flap of cartilage that closes over the opening of the respiratory tract during swallowing; prevents food from entering the respiratory tract.
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epiglottis
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muscular, pouchlike enlargement of the digestive tract where chemical and physical digestion take place.
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stomach
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enzyme found in gastric juices; begins the chemical digestion of proteins in food; most effective in acidic environments.
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pepsin
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muscular tube about 6 m long where digestion is completed; connects the stomach and the large intestine.
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small intestine
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soft, flattened gland that secretes digestive enzymes and hormones; products help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
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pancreas
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large, complex organ of the digestive system that produces many chemicals for digestion, including bile.
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liver
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chemical substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that helps break down fats during digestion.
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bile
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small organ that stores bile before the bile passes into the duodenum of the small intestine.
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gallbladder
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single projection on the lining of the small intestine that functions in the absorption of digested food
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villus
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muscular tube through which indigestible materials are passed to the rectum for excretion.
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large intestine
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last part of the digestive system through which feces passes before it exits the body through the anus
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rectum
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What are the three functions of the digestive system?
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Digest food, absorb nutrients, eliminate wastes
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How do enzymes help in digestion?
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Enzymes break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules.
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