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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the liquid part of the blood |
plasma |
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name the solid part of the blood |
blood cells |
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name the thickener part of the blood |
proteins |
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Name three features of hydrostatic circulation. |
Pressure Buoyancy Surface tension |
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Name the 7 features of hydrodynamics |
flow vicosity friction velocity diameter driving pressure tension |
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The pressure exerted by a column of fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity. |
Hydrostatic pressure |
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Can fluid remain at rest under presence of shear stress? |
no |
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Define Pascal's principle |
Pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure ration remains the same. |
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Name the two types of pressure machines and what they work on. |
Hydraulic - liquid based Pneumatic - air based |
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How do the pressure machines work? |
They apply pressure to a gas/liquid which moves the power from where it is produced to where it is needed. |
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What leads to the formation of a meniscus in capillaries? |
Surface tension effect |
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What is a drop? |
A small column of liquid bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces held together by surface tension - aerodynamics. |
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Define the shape of capillary attraction and repulsion. |
Attraction - u Repulsiom - n |
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What is movement due to applied force called? |
Flow |
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Does flow work on both compressible and incompressible fluids? |
Yes |
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What can cause change in density? |
Temperature and pressure |
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What is viscosity? |
Resistance of a gas or liquid to change in shape. |
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What is the difference between laminar and turbulent flow? |
Laminar (Stokes) Dominated by viscous forces, smooth, constant fluid motion. Turbulent Inertial forces, tend to produce chaotic eddies, vortices and other flow instabilities.
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What is force dependent on viscosity that resists the sliding or rolling of one object by another called? |
Friction |
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What can friction often result in? |
Conversion of energy to heat. |
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What is Pouseille's law? |
The flow of newtonian fluid through pipe of constant diameter which is smaller than the length of the pipe. |
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What is the speed at which fluid flows called? |
Velocity |
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Compare Laminar and Turbulent flow. |
Laminar Fast, with minimal diffusion. Major blood vessels. Turbulent Slow, enhanced diffusion. Minor blood vessels. |
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Describe the volume of a fluid in a closed circuit. |
At any given time the volume of fluid travelling in a closed circuit is constant. |
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What is the volume of the flow directly proportional to and reversely proportional to? |
Proportional to - diameter of the pipe and applied pressure. Reversely proportional to - viscosity and friction. |
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What is the effect of a decrease in pipe diameter on newtonian fluids? |
Increase in flow velocity. |
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Describe Bernoulli's principle. |
For an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simulatneously with a decrease in dynamic (transmural) pressure or a decrease in the fluids potential energy. |
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Define the Laplace Equation |
Tension in the wall of a hollow cylinder is directly proportional to the cylinders radius and the pressure across the wall caused by the flow inside (driving pressure). |
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Describe the principal of the conservation laws. |
A particle measurable property of an isolated physical system does not change as the system evolves. |
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Conservation of mass |
the mass of a closed system will remain constant over time |
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conservation of linear momentum (newtons second law of motion) |
the total momentum of a closed system of objects is constant. |
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Conservation of energy (first law of thermodynmaics) |
the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant over time. |
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Define a pump |
a device that expands energy in order to raise, transport or compress fluids. |
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Define pipe |
device that separates a fluid from its surroundings |
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Describe peristaltic pump movement. |
Rotating roller repeatedly squeezes a flexible tube to gently push the contents of the fluid forward.
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Describe the movement of a piston pump |
As the piston moves the pressure in the pump increases. This opens the outlet valve which allows the contents to flow out. As the contents moves out the pressure drops, opening the inlet valve to allow more liquid to pump in. |
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How does a centrifugal pump work? |
Uses an impeller to move fluid. |
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What causes blood to circulate? |
Pressure gradient. |
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Name three properties of capillaries. |
packets of blood cells low pressure slow movement |
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Name two types of veins according to position? |
surface veins deep veins |
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Valve |
a device governing directional flow of fluid |
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Gauge |
Arterial baroreceptors and low pressure baroreceptors. |