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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is metabolism?
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the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
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What is catabolism?
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breakdown of food materials or energy sources
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What is anabolism?
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synthesis of cell components
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Why is it necessary for bacteria to make and secrete exoenzymes?
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Bacteria are unable to use phagocytosis to bring large macromolecules into the cell. (The macromolecules must be broken down outside of the cell before they can be brought in through the cell wall.)
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Give examples of coenzymes. 3
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NAD, FAD, coenzyme A (co-A)
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What are the end products of fermentation.
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alcohols, aldehydes, acids, gases (hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide)
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What type of phosphorylation leads to production of ATP in respiration?
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oxidative
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What type of phosphorylation leads to the production of ATP in fermentation?
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substrate level
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What is the indicator used in sugar fermentation tubes?
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phenol red
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Name the sugars that bacteria may be able to ferment. 4
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glucose (dextrose), lactose, mannitol, many other sugar and sugar-alcohols
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Which indicator is used in the test for sugar fermentation?
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phenol red
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Describe the appearance of a positive test for sugar fermentation in a Durham tube.
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yellow
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Describe the appearance of a negative test for sugar fermentation in a Durham tube.
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red
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The production of what end product leads to a color change in a sugar Durham tube?
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production of acid
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When using a Durham tube, how can you tell whether gas has been produced as a result of the chemical reaction?
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You would see a space in the inverted vial (a "bubble" in the top of the vial).
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What type of medium is used to test for mixed acid fermentation?
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MR-VP
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Which indicator is used in the test for mixed acid fermentation?
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methyl red
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Describe the appearance of a positive test result for mixed acid fermentation.
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red
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Describe the appearance of a negative test result for mixed acid fermentation.
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no color change
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What enzyme is able to split formic acid to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas?
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formic hydrogenlyse
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What type of medium is used to test for 2,3-butanediol fermentation?
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MR-VP
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The test for butanediol fermentation is also known as the ____________________ test
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Voges-Prokauer
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Describe the appearance of a positive test result for 2,3-butanediol fermentation.
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red
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Describe the appearance of a negative test result for 2,3-butanediol fermentation.
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no color change
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What type of medium is used to test for citrate utilization?
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Simmon's citrate (agar)
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The production of what end product leads to a color change in the citrate test?
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ammonia
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Describe the appearance of a positive test result for citrate utilization.
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blue
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Describe the appearance of a negative test result for citrate utilization.
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green
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The oxidase test assays for the presence of which enzyme?
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cytochrome oxidase
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Describe the appearance of a positive test result for oxidase production.
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purple
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Describe the appearance of a negative test result for oxidase production.
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yellow
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What is the name of the enzyme that helps to convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen?
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catalase
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Describe the appearance of a positive test result for catalase production.
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formation of bubbles
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The nitrate test assays for the presence of which enzyme?
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nitrate reductase
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What is chemical formula for the nitrate ion?
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NO3-
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What is the chemical formula for the nitrite ion?
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NO2-
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TRUE or FALSE - Nitrate ion can be reduced to nitrite ion
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True
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TRUE or FALSE - Nitrite ion can be reduced to nitrate ion.
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False
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If gas is observed in a nitrate Durham tube, what chemical process (include reactants and products) has occurred?
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nitrate reduced (2 pts) to nitrogen gas (2 pts)
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Describe the appearance of a positive test result for nitrite production.
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red
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In the test used to determine whether nitrate was previously reduced to a nongaseous end product, what substance is used?
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zinc powder
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In the test used to determine whether nitrate was previously reduced to a nongaseous end product, what does a positive test result look like?
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no color change
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In the test used to determine whether nitrate was previously reduced to a nongaseous end product, what does a negative test result look like?
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red
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