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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Broca's s aphasia
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Unable to speak fluently, “Broken Speech”. Speech is effortful, sparse, and agrammatic. They can still understand language. Writing is also impaired.
Very frustrated!****** |
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Wernicke's aphasia
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comprhension
Patient has fluent, well-articulated speech but it doesn’t make sense. “Word-Salad.” Keep on talking! No frustration! |
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The frontal eye field (FEF) drive the eyes to the______ sides
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opposite
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Left frontal eye field (FEF) drives both eyes to the ______
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right
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Eyes at rest:
What will happen to a person who has a stroke to the left FEF? |
Eyes at rest: eyes drift to the left
During testing eyes can move to middle but can't move it to the right. |
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Right frontal eye field (FEF) drives both eyes to the ______
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Left
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What will happen to a person who has a seizure to the left FEF?
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Too much activity
Eyes drift to the right, can't move to the left. |
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where does Alzheimer disease starts?
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hippocampus
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What is in the temporal lobe?
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Memory
Hippocampus transfers short term to long term memory – think H.M. Alzheimer’s Disease starts in the hippocampus Olfaction Auditory |
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What is in the parietal lobe?
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Sensory Integration
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What is Neglect Syndromes? What part of the brain has the lesion?
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Parietal lobe
Patient fails to acknowledge one side of the world. Typically results from lesions on the right, thus patients ignore the left side “Hemi-neglect”. |
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Part of the brain stem
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midbrain
pons medulla |
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What is the Locked-In Syndrome? Where is the lesion?
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Bilateral lesion to the pons
Result in the complete loss of all motor function: All voluntary movement, bowel control, bladder, speech, etc. The only function some of these people have is some sort of eye movement. All higher intellectual functions are intact |
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What is in the Thalamus?
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Doorway to the cortex
All sensory information, except for smell, passes thru the thalamus on its way to the cortex. “The Flashlight Hypothesis” Sits on top of the brain stem Divided into about twelve different nuclei (depends on what book you read). “Thalamic Pain Syndrome”: Patients complain of intractable pain coming from the opposite side of the body. |
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All sensory information grow throught the Thalamus except what?
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smell
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The Flashlight Hypothesis”
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Thalamus focus on things you want to focus on an dfilter out everything else.
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Function of basal ganglia
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Motor control, deep down in the cortex.
Think of Foster's/histo lectures. |
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Problem in the basal ganglia results in_____
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difficulty to start and stop movement.
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Cutting a Spinal Nerve results in what Motor Deficits?
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LMN problesm:
Absent Reflexes Decreased Muscle Tone Atrophy of muscles Flaccid Paralysis |
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UMN symptoms:
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Spastic Paralysis
Hyperreflexia Babinski Increased Muscle Tone Muscle Weakness Disuse Atrophy of muscles Decreased speed of voluntary movements Priapism (Maybe) |
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LMN symptoms:
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Absent reflexes
No Babinski Decreased Muscle Tone Atrophy of muscles Fasciculations "muscle twitch" |
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What is Spinal Shock Syndrome?
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Follows acute damage to the spinal cord. All cord functions below the level of the lesion become depressed. Thus there are ipsilateral lower motor neuron signs. In most patients this will last for 24 hours. The presence of spinal shock can be tested by testing the anal reflex. An absent anal reflex would indicate the presence of spinal shock.
The absence of bulbocavernosus reflex indicates spinal shock or damage to reflex arc (LMN). This is the first reflex to return following spinal shock. |
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Romberg sign
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A patient who can stand with their feet together and eyes open, but who sways and falls when the eyes are closed has Romberg Sign. This indicates an absence of position sense in the lower limbs.
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Cutting a Spinal Nerve results in what Motor Deficits?
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LMN problesm:
Absent Reflexes Decreased Muscle Tone Atrophy of muscles Flaccid Paralysis |
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UMN symptoms:
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Spastic Paralysis
Hyperreflexia Babinski Increased Muscle Tone Muscle Weakness Disuse Atrophy of muscles Decreased speed of voluntary movements Priapism (Maybe) |
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LMN symptoms:
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Absent reflexes
No Babinski Decreased Muscle Tone Atrophy of muscles Fasciculations "muscle twitch" |
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Your patient states that over the past several months she has burned her hands several times on the stove because she has not noticed the pain. You examine her and notice that she lost pain and temperature sensations from her hands and inner arm. You also find weakness of her hand muscles.
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Syringomyelia
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What does Pain and Temperature in the Grey matter?
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Substantia gelatinosa
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Subacute combined degeneration
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B12 deficiency, anemia
Demyelination of DC, Spinocerebellar tracts and CST |
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Syringomyelia
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cavitation of the cord, bilateral loss of pain and temperature at the level of the lesion
muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, atrophy of the upper limb muscles due to destruction of ventral horn cells. |
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Hemisection: Brown-Sequard syndrome result in what in
DC CST LMN |
DC:ipsilateral loss of sensation at that and below level.
CST: ipsilateral paralysis below the lesion LMN: flaccid pralysis at the level of the lesion |
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Horner syndrome
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if the hemisection leasion is above T1.
Result in facial hemianhydrosis ptosis miosis |
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Polio
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Attacking the ventral horn
LMN flaccid paralysis muscle atrophy no reflex |
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Tabes dorsalis
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effect DH.
Bilateral DC below lesion Associated with late stage syphillis Romberg sign: sways away with eyes closed |
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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Affects ASL and Ventral horn
Multiple lesions Progressive spinal muscular atrophy (ventral horn) Primary lateral sclerosis (CST) -spastic pralysis in LL -increased tone and reflex -flaccid paralysis in UL USUSALLY takes years!!! |
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Anterior Spinal Artery occlusion
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DC spared everything else bilateral
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where is the lesion?
Lost Pain and Temp on the right and +Babinski sign on the left |
spinal cord lesion
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Lost pain and temperature on the right and + Babinski sign on the right
where is the lesion? |
cortex
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