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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Body Mechanics: use of ones body to producemotion that is-
*body mechanics includes avoiding Valsalva Maneuver* |
B |
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Along with good posture:good body mechanics reduces |
stress, fatigue, strain andinjury |
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Gravity and friction add resistance to
*It is desirable to reduce these factors*
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lifting, pushing,pulling, carrying |
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Lever arm when decreased it creates |
a better mechanicaladvantage -Keep it short by puttingobject close to you |
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Torque |
effectiveness of a force ina turning lever system -You will need less if theobject is close to you |
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Center of gravity (COG): anterior to s2 |
where the mass of your bodyor an object is concentrated -Keep your COG and the object’s COG close to each other. Ie:raise the bed. -Lowering COG increases stability. |
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Base of support (BOS) |
the area on which on objectrests, provides support for the object -Your feet and the distancebetween them should be larger to produce better balance. |
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Increase base of supportby increasing |
medial-lateral stance or anterior posterior stance -AD(assistive device) increase patient’s BOS |
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Vertical line ofgravity(VGL) |
an imaginery line that passes through the center of gravityof an object |
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keep your VGL within (See procedure 4-1, pg 75) |
the BOS, position your feetin direction you want to go |
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As the leader of theactivity (Prep for moving patient) |
you must inform all those assisting exactly what to do,how and when to do it. |
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Lifting precautions |
avoid simultaneous trunkflexion and rotation -Maintain the normal lumbar lordotic curve. |
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Principlesof proper Body Mechanics: |
-Position self close to the object -Maintain VGL within BOS -Position own COG close to objects COG -Use major muscles and maintain lordosis -Roll/push/pull/slide object instead of lifting it -Avoid flexion and rotation |
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Proper Posture |
-Maintain normal curvatures of spine -Shoulders and pelvis should be in line, avoid rounded back -Stand with ankles, knees, hips, shoulders aligned, head overshoulders not in front -Knees slightly flexed, chin slightly tucked, abdominalwall flat |
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Sitting |
-elbows, knees, hips flexed to 90 deg -Don’t stay in 1 position for too long. |
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Lying |
-pillow b/w or behind knees. One pillow under head only. -Computer screen should be 10 deg below horizontal. -Forearms need to be supported in sitting. -Prolonged standing, place one foot on a step stool. |
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assistance lvls |
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Independent(I with circle around i) |
pt needs no help |
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(S)Supervision/stand by assist(SBA) |
no touching, but may need verbal cues. Wouldn’t have been safe without you there |
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Contact guard assist (CGA) |
you touch to steady or cue them
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Min a-Minimal assist |
pt does 75% or more of the work -PTA does 25% or less |
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Mod A- moderate assist |
pt does 50% of the work 50/50 between you and pt. 50-74%still mod assist. |
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Max a-maximum assist |
pt does 25-49% of the work |
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Total or dependent |
pt does less than 25% of the work
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Modified independent (mod I) |
pt can do the activity without help but needs a tool or extra time (walker, can reacher, rails, ect
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Components of a Lever |
•Axis:also known as the pivot or fulcrum •Resistance:the weight or center of mass of the part being moved •Force:the power that is causing movement |
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1st class levers |
•Axisis in between the Force and Resistance •F-A-Ror R-A-F •Favors balance when the axis is centered •Examples:seesaw, hammer removing a nail •Triceps brachii for elbow extension is a first class lever Fis insertion on olecranon process, R is center of gravity of forearm, Axis isthe elbow |
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2nd class levers |
•Rand F are on same side of Axis •R-F-Aor F-R-A •Favors force, power •Examples: push ups, wheel barrow, nutcracker |
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3rd class levers |
•Rand F are on the same side of the axis •Resistance arm is longer than the Force arm •3rd class levers favor speed •Examples: shovel, baseball bat, most muscles of the body |
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pressure ulcers |
•Areaof skin and tissue that becomes injured or broken down •Occurswhen a person is in one position for too long •Constantpressure against the skin causes ischemia to that area causing anoxia and celldeath (necrosis) •Itis painful, dangerous and best of all AVOIDABLE!!!!!!! |
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Direct pressure: |
-high pressure can cause breakdown in a short time -low pressure requires a longer period of time -1-2hours at 60-70 mmHG can start to cause irreversible skin breakdown |
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Shearing forces/friction |
-Whenone point moves directly along another surface -When shearing occurs with pressure the breakdown in accelerated -Creates an angling effect on capillaries causing further injury |
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Risk Factors SCMMPAFM |
•Decreased sensation •Decreased circulation, venous or arterial •Moisture and maceration •Decreased mobility •Poor nutrition and dehydration •Advanced age •Fragileskin •Medications (such as corticosteroids) |
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Front (Term) |
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Front (Term) |
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Front (Term) |
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Front (Term) |
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Front (Term) |
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Front (Term) |
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