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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Skeletal system |
Composed of bones, cartilages and ligaments joined tightly to form a strong flexible framework for the body |
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Support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, blood formation |
Six roles of the skeleton |
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Osseous tissue |
A connective tissue in which the matrix is hardened by the deposition of calcium phosphate and other minerals |
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Mineralization or Calcification |
The hardening process of bones |
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Compact (dense) bone |
The outer shell of a bone, made of dense white osseous tissue |
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Medullary cavity (marrow cavity) |
Contains bone marrow |
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Spongy (cancellous) bone |
Loosely organized form of osseous tissue |
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Diaphysis |
The shaft if a long bone |
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Epiphysis |
The expanded head at each end of a long bone |
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Articular cartilage |
The hyaline cartilage that covers the joint surface where one bone meets another |
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Nutrient foramina |
Minute holes where blood vessels penetrate through |
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Periosteum |
Covers the exterior of the bone. Has a tough outer fiberous layer of collagen and an inner osteogenic layer of bone forming cells |
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Endosteum |
A thin layer of reticular connective tissue lines the internal marrow cavities covers all the honeycomb surfaces of spongy bone and lines a canal system found throughout the compact bone |
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Dipole |
The spongy layer in the cranium sandwiched between two layers of compact bone |
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Osteogenic cells osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclast |
Four types of bone cells |
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Osteogenic cells |
Stem cells that develop from embryonic mesenchyme and then give rise to most other bone types they occur in the endosteum and inner layer of the periosteum they multiply continuously and some go on to become the osteoblasts |
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Osteoblasts |
Bone forming cells resemble a cuboidal epithelium are non mitotic and can only be generated by mitosis and differentiation of osteogenic cells |
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Osteocalcin |
A hormone secreted by osteoblasts previously thought to be only a structural protein of bone. Osteocalcin stimulates insulin secretion by the pancreas increases insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and limits the growth of adipose tissue |
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Osteocytes |
Former osteoblasts that have become trapped in The Matrix they developed they reside in tiny cavities called lacunae which are interconnected by slender channels called canaliculi. |
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Lacunae |
Tiny cavities where osteocytes reside |
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Osteoclasts |
Bone dissolving cells on the bone surface they develop from the same bone marrow stem cells that give rise to blood cells. Thus, osteogenic cells, osteoblast, and osteocytes all belong to one cell lineage but osteoclast have an independent origin |
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Composite |
A combination of two basic Structural Materials |
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Concentric lamellae |
Layers of Matrix concentrically arranged around a central canal and connected with each other by canaliculi |
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Central canal |
Haversian canal |
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Spicules |
Spongy bone consists of a lattice of delicate slivers called |
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Bone marrow |
A general term for soft tissue that occupies the marrow cavity of a long bone the spaces a med the trabeculae of spongy bone and the larger Central canals. There are two types of Morrow - red and yellow marrow |
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Red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) |
Also described is hemopoietic tissue that produces blood cells. In a child the marrow cavity of nearly every bone is filled with this marrow |
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Yellow bone marrow |
No longer produces blood although in the event of severe or chronic anemia it can transform back into red marrowand resume hemopoietic function |
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Ossification or osteogenesis |
The formation of Bones |