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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List structures that make up the bony thorax
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Sternum,Thoracic Vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs
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What is the term for the long, middle aspect of the sternum?
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Body
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The most distal aspect of the sternum does not ossify until a person is approx. ____ years of age.
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40
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The total sternum length on a average adult is about _____ inches.
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6
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The xiphoid process is located ____.
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T9-T10
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The sternal angle is at the level of ________.
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T4-T5
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Another name for sternal angle?
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Manubriosternal joint
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Joint that connects the upper limb to the bony thorax? ( It's the only bony connection between the bony thorax and upper limbs)
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Sternoclavicular joint
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Name of section of cartilage that connects the anterior end of the rib to the sternum?
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Costocartilage
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What distinguishes a true rib from a false rib?
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True ribs -connx sternum to costocartilage. False ribs -are connx t o the sternum via costocartilage of 7th rib. |
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(T or F) The 11th and 12th ribs are classified as false and floating ribs?
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True
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(T or F) The anterior end of the ribs are called the "Vertebral End"?
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False ( It's called Sternal end )
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Which aspect articulates with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae? |
Tubercle
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What are 3 structures found within the costal groove of each rib.
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Artery, Vein, Nerve
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Which end of the ribs is most superior - the posterior vertebral ends or the anterior sternal ends?
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Posterior Verbal Ends
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Approx how much difference in height is there between these 2 ends of the ribs?
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3 to 5 inches
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Which ribs articulate with the upper lateral aspect of the manubrium of the sternum?
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FIRST ( Anterior Sternal end )
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The bony thorax is widest at the lateral margins of which ribs?
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8th or 9th
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How many posterior ribs are shown above the diaphragm?
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11
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1st Sternal costal is what type of movement?
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Immovable - Synarthrodial
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1st -12th Costovertebral joints Is what type of movement? |
Movable - Disathrodial ( Plane or gliding )
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1st-10th Costochondral Unions (Between Caltilages & Ribs) Is what type of movement? |
Immovable - Synarthrodial
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1st-10th Costotransverse joints (between ribs & transverse processes of T-Vertebre) Is what type of movement? |
Movable - Diarthrodial ( plane or gliding )
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2nd-7th Sternocostal joints (between 2nd -7th ribs and sternum) Is what type of movement? |
Movable - Diarthrodial ( plane or gliding )
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6th - 9th inter10chondral joints (Between anterior 6th - 9th costal cartilage) Is what type of movement? |
Movable - Diarthrodial ( plane or gliding )
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9th-10th interchondral joints between the cartilages Is what type of movement? |
Fibrous - Syndesmosis
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True Ribs are from ____ to ____.
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1-7
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False ribs are from ____ to ____.
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8-12
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False FLOATING Ribs are from ____ to _____.
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11-12
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(T or F) It is virtually impossible to visualize the sternum with a direct PA or AP position?
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TRUE
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A large, deep chested (Hypersthenic) patient requires more obliquity for s frontal view of the sternum as compared with a "thin-chested" (Asthenic) patient.
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False - LESS
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How much rotation should be used for the oblique position of the sternum for a large, "deep-chested" patient?
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approx. 15 degree
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What is the advantage of performing an orthostatic (breathing) technique for radiography of the sternum?
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It blurs out the lung markings & ribs, which improves the visibility of the sternum
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What is the primary reason that a SID of less than 40" should not be used for sternum radiography?
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Increase in patient dose, especially skin dose
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What other imaging option is available to study the sternum if routine RAO and lateral radiographs do not provide sufficient information?
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CT or Nuclear Medicine
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To properly elongate and visualize the axillary aspect of the ribs, the patient 's spine should be rotated ________ from the area of interest.
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Away From
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Which projections should be performed for an injury to the anterior aspect of the ribs?
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PA & Anterior Obliques (because placing the area of interest closest to the IR) |
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Which 2 ribs projections should be performed for an injury to the right posterior ribs?
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AP and RPO (because it shifts spine AWAY from the from area of interest) |
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How can the site of injury be marked for rib series?
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By taping a small metallic "BB" or other opaque marker over the site of the injury.
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If the physician suspects a pneumothorax or hemothorax has occurred as a result of a rib fracture, which additional radiographic projection(s) should be performed in addition to the routine rib projections?
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Erect PA & Lateral Chest
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A flail chest is defined as a(n):
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Pulmonary injury caused by blunt trauma to 2 or more ribs
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Osteolytic metastases of the ribs produce which of the following radiographic appearance?
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Irregular bony margins
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Which of the following definitions applies to pectus excavatum?
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Depressed sternum caused by congenital defect
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A proliferative bony lesion of increased density is generally termed:
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Osteoblastic
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MRI provides a more diagnostic image of rib metastases as compared with a nuclear medicine scan.
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False
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(T or F) Patients can develop Osteomyelitis as a postoperative complication following open heart surgery
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True
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What is the preferred study of the sternum?
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RAO
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Why is RAO the preferred study of the sternum?
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It places the sternum over the heart to provide a uniform background for added visibility of the sternum.
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Where is the central ray centered for the oblique and lateral projections of the sternum?
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Midsternum (Located midway between Jugular notch & Xiphoid process) |
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What other position can be performed if the patient CANNOT assume a prone position for the RAO Sternum?
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LPO (Oblique Supine Position) |
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What is the recommended SID for a lateral projection of the sternum?
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60-72" (But Mr. Wilson wants us to do it ONLY in 72") |
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Why is lateral projection of the sternum at 72"?
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Because it reduces magnification created by the long object
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Which criteria apply to radiograph of an evaluation of the oblique sternum?
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The entire sternum should lie over the heart shadow and be adjacent to the spine.
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Where is CR for PA projection of Sternoclavicular joints?
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Level of T2-T3
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What type of breathing instructions should be given to the patient for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints?
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Suspend respiration on inspriation
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How much rotation of the bony thorax is recommended for an ANTERIOR OBLIQUE of the sternoclavicular joints?
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10-15 degrees from PA position
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Which specific oblique position best demonstrates the left sternoclavicular joint adjacent to the spine?
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LAO
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3 points thst must be included in the pt's clinical history before a rib series? |
1)Nature of trauma 2)location of rib pain/injury 3)Couching up blood |
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Where is the CR for the AP projection of the ribs for an injury located above the diaphragm?
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3"-4" below the jugular notch
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Which 2 specific oblique positions are used to elongate the "left axillary" portion of the ribs?
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RAO & LPO
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Which 2 "basic" projections or positions should be performed for an injury to the right anterior ribs?
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PA & LAO (Because it elongates the right axillary rib region) |
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How many degrees rotation are required for an oblique projection of the axillary ribs?
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45 degrees
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What is the recommended SID for bilateral lower rib study on an adult?
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72"
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(T or F) The recommended kV range for a digital study of the unilateral, lower ANTERIOR ribs is 80-90kV.
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FALSE (It's 70-80kV) |
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Which region of the ribs is best demonstrated with an RAO projection?
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True Ribs
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An RAO of the SC joints projects the left joint closest to the spine
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False
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To minimize pt dose for a RAO projection of the sternum the patient's skin should be at least _______ below the collimator.
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38"
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Which one of the following conditions may require a chest routine be included along with the study of the ribs?
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Hemothorax
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