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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Semipermeable outer boundary of the cell's protoplasm that helps regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell |
Plasma membrane |
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If covered with ribosomes, this organelle is involved in the synthesis, secretion, or storage of proteins. If few or no ribosomes are present, it is involved with lipid secretion. |
Endoplasmic reticulum |
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Contains the cell's generic material and is vital to the regulation of all cell functions |
Nucleus |
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Primarily serves as a storage space for cell sap and dissolved substances, it can also aid in the recycling of cell materials and breakdown of organelles. |
Vacuole |
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Composed of microtubules and microfilaments, facilitates movement within the cell |
Cytoskeleton |
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Morphology varies based on what kind of is (e.g. chloroplast, chromoplast, leucoplast), responsibility is the same-manufacture and store carbohydrates |
Plastid |
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Small, spherical organelles contain enzyme that can perform specialized functions, like convert days to carbohydrates |
Microbodies |
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Tiny bodies that are the does of protein synthesis, or the lining of amino acids together into chains that will eventually form large, complex protein molecules |
Ribosomes |
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Can modify and/or assemble substances and then package them for transport to locations inside and outside the cell |
Dictyosome |
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Called the"powerhouse of the cell" where energy is released from organic molecules through the process of cellular respiration |
Mitochondrion |
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Increases girth of roots and stems as they create new tissue |
Lateral meristems |
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Two main types of lateral meristems |
Vascular cambium and cork cambium |
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Produces secondary xylem and phloem |
Vascular cambium |
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Produces outer bark |
Cork cambium |
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Located at or near the tip of the plant shoots and roots. Exhibit primary growth (length) |
Apical meristems |
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Three types of primary meristems |
Protoderm (epidermis), procambium (primary xylem), ground meristem (all other primary tissues) |
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Unique to grasses. Located at nodes, add to stem length |
Intercalary meristems |
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Simple tissues |
Made up of 1 cell type, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma |
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Complex tissue |
Made up of two or more cell types, xylem, phloem, epidermis, periderm |
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Root Cap |
Area that perceives perceives gravity and protects the root tip from damage by soil. Made up of parenchyma cells. |
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Region of Cell Division |
Area of actively dividing cells (produces the root cap). Made up of apical meristem. |
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Region of Elongation. |
Area where cells grow in width and length. Vacuoles occupy over 90% of its cells' volume. |
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Region of Maturation |
Area where cells mature and differentiate into different types. Site of numerous, hairlike protuberances called root hairs. |
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Aerial Roots |
Appear in many forms (velamen roots of orchids, prop roots of corn), and serve a variety of purposes. |
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Parasitic Roots |
Some chlorophyll-lacking plants possess these roots so that they can steal food from other plants. (they penetrate another plant) |
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Water Storage roots |
Common in Cucurbitaceae (pumpkin) species growing in arid regions, these roots store water for later use. |
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Mycorrhizae |
"Fungus-roots" or mutualistic relationship between fungi and plant roots. |
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Contractile Roots |
Found in plants like lilies and dandelions, these roots pull plants deeper into soil. |
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Food-Storage Roots |
Found in plants like sweet potatoes, these roots store large amounts of carbohydrates (e.g. starch) |
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Pneumatophores |
Unique to some swamp plants, these spongy roots increase gas exchange between the atmosphere and the water-submerged roots they are connected to. |
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Buttress Roots |
These roots provide increased stability to tropical trees growing in shallow soil. |
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Propagative Roots |
These roots are found at the base of aerial stems that developed. (adventitious buds) id. cherries,apples, pears. "suckers" can be separated. |