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46 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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AKA the sylvian fissure, it separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes
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Lateral central fissure
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Separates the two hemispheres
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longitudinal fissure
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separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
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central sulcus
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6 paired hemispheres consist of?
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frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insular, and limbic
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primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle activation
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precentral gyrus
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controls emotions and judgements
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prefrontal cortex
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controls motor aspects of speech
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broca's area
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primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation
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postcentral gyrus
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this lobe recieves fibers conveying touch, proprioceptive, pain, and temperature sensation for the opposite side of the body
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parietal lobe
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contains the primary auditory cortex, associative auditory cortex, and Wernicke's area
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temporal lobe
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area responsible for language comprehension
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Wernicke's area
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contains the primary visual and visual association cortices
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occipital lobe
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Deep within the lateral sulcus, associated with visceral functions
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insula
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consist of the limbic lobe, hippocampal formation, amygdaloid nucleus, hypothalamus, and anterior nucleus of the thalamus
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limbic system
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phylogenetically the oldest part of the brain, concerned with instincts and emotions
basic functions include: feeding, aggression, emotions, and endocrine aspects of sexual response |
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interconnect the two hemispheres, including the corpus callosum (largest), anterior commissure, and hippocampal commissure
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transverse fibers
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connect cerebral hemispheres with other portions of the brain and spinal cord
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projection fibers
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the basal ganglia consist of masses of gray matter deep within the cerebral hemispheres, including the?
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corpus striatum (caudate and lenticular nuclei), amygdaloid nucleus, and claustrum. the lenticular nuclei are further subdivided into the putamen and globus pallidus
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originates in frontal and supplementary motor eye fields; projects to the caudate; functions with saccadic eye movement
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oculomotor circuit (caudate loop)
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originates in the precentral motor and postcentral somatosensory areas: projects to the putamen: functions to scale amplitude and velocity of movements; reinforces selected pattern, suppresses conflicting patterns; preparatory for movement
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skeletomotor circuit (putamen loop)
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originates in the prefrontal and limbic areas of cortex; to BG; to prefrontal cortex; functions to organize behaviors (executive functions, problem solving, motivation)
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limbic circuit
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integrates and relays sensory information from the body, face, retina, cochlea, and taste receptors to cerebral cortex and subcortical regions; smell is the exception
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thalamus
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involved in control of several functional pathways for sensory, motor, and reticular function
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subthalamus
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integrates and controls the functions of the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine system; maintains body homeostasis: body temperature, eating, water balance, ant. pituitary function/sexual behavior and emotion
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hypothalamus
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contains cerebral peduncles (two lateral halves), each divided into an anterior part or basis (crus cerebri and substantia nigra) and a posterior part (tegmentum)
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midbrain
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contains all ascending tracts and some descending tracts; the red nucleus; cranial nerve nuclei: occulomotor and trochlear
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tegmentum of the midbrain
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the -------------- recieves fibers from the cerebellum; is the origin of the rubrospinal tract, important for coordination
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red nucleus (in the midbrain tegmentum)
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is a large motor nucleus in the midbrain connecting the basal ganglia and cortex; it is important for in motor control and muscle tone; think dopamine
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substantia nigra
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is an important relay station in the midbrain for vision and visual reflexes
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superior colliculus
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is an important relay station in the midbrain for hearing and auditory reflexes
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inferior colliculus
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contains endorphin producing cells (important for the suppression of pain) and descending autonomic tracts
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periaqueductal gray
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this connects the medulla oblongata to the midbrain, allowing passage of important ascending and descending tracts
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pons
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the anterior basal part of this acts as a bridge to the cerebellum (middle cerebellar peduncle)
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pons
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these project widely in the pons and are important for modulating pain and controlling arousal
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midline raphe nuclei
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the pons --------------------- contains several important cranial nerve nuclei: abducens, trigeminal, facial, and vestibulococlear
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tegementum
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connects the spinal cord with the pons; contains relay nuclei of dorsal colums (gracilis and cuneatus); fibers cross to give rise to the medial lemniscus
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medulla oblongata
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relays dorsal spinocerebellar tracts to the cerebellum
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inferior cerebellar peduncle
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arises from vestibular nuclei and extends throughout brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord; important for control of head movements and gaze stabilization (VOR)
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medial longitudinal fasciculus
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connects cerebellum to brainstem and is important for voluntary movement control
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olivary nuclear complex
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contains several important cranial nerve nuclei; hypoglossal, dorsal nucleaus of vagus, and vestibulocochlear
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medulla oblongata
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contains important centers for vital function: cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers
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medulla oblongata
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located behind the dorsal pons and medulla in the posterior fossa
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cerebellum
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name the three cerebellar peduncles
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superior, middle, and inferior
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comprises of two hemispheres and midline vermis; has a cerebellar cortex, and four paired nuclei
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cerebellum
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the -------------- connects the vestibular system and is concerned with equilibrium and regulation of muscle tone; helps coordinate VOR
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archicerebellum (aka flocculonodular lobe)
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recieves input from proprioceptive pathways and is concerned with modifying muscle tone and synergistic action of muscles; important in the maintainence of posture and voluntary movement control
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paleocerebellum (aka spinocerebellum)
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concerned with smooth coordination of voluntary movements; ensures accurate force, direction, and extent of movement. important for motor learning, sequencing of movements, and visually triggered movements. may have a role in assisting cognitive function and mental imagery.
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neocerebellum (aka the pontocerebellum)
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