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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 regions of brain
medical term |
prosencephalon - forebrain
mesencephalon - midbrain rhombencephalon - hindbrain |
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forebrain
proencephalon |
Diencephalan -
Thalamus, Hypothalamus Telencephalon - Cerebrum |
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Cerebrum
Telencephalon |
Cerebral Cortex
Basal nuclei Mylenated White Matter Axons Grey Matter |
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Cerebral Cortex
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Large Complex
4 specialized lobe |
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frontal lobe
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association cortex - conscious thought
Broca's area - language comprehension motor cortex- permits conscious control of skeletal muscles |
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parietal lobe
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association cortex
somatosensory cortex - sensory areas of the skin |
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temporal lobe
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auditory cortex
Wernicke's area - speech sense of smell |
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occipital lobe
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visual cortex
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corpus callosum
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communication between left and right hemispheres
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Thalamus
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main input center for sensory information (except olfaction) going to the cerebral cortex and main output center for motor information leaving the cerebrum
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Hypothalamus
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master gland
critical for homeostasis; controls temperature, hunger thirst, sex, pleasure |
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Midbrain
mesencephalon |
Reticular formation
Substantia Nigra Ventral Tegmental Area |
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Ventral Tegmental Area
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Packed with dopamine-releasing neurons
Amphetamines and cocaine bind to the same receptors that it activates |
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Substantia Nigra
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Helps "smooth" out body movements (damage to the substantia nigra causes Parkinson's disease)
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Reticular formation
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Collects input from higher brain centers and passes it on to motor neurons
Involved in sleep and arousal |
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Hindbrain
rhombencephalon |
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum Pons |
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Medulla oblongata
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Regulates breathing
Regulates heartbeat Regulates blood flow |
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Cerebellum
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Coordinates and refines complex muscle movements
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Pons
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Connects higher brain regions, cerebellum, and spinal cord
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Autonomic Nervous System
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Sympathetic
Parasympathetic Enteric |
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Sympathetic
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– activated in “fight or flight” response
Heart beats faster Liver converts glycogen to glucose Digestion inhibited |
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Parasympathetic
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promotes calming and return to self-maintenance
functions (“rest and digest”) Decreases heart rate Increases glycogen production Enhances digestion |
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Enteric
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controls activity of digestive tract
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Somatic nervous system
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carries signals to and from skeletal muscles and is mostly voluntary
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Autonomic Nervous System
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regulates internal environment by controlling smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and organ function; is usually involuntary
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Cranial nerves
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originate in brain and terminate in organs of upper body
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Spinal nerves
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originate in spinal cord and extend to parts of body below the head
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