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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Endocrine glands and organs secrete hormones into the _______________
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circulatory system
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4 Main characteristics of endocrine system
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Chemical signals
Carried by blood vessels Slower response Long-term response |
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The Endocrine system uses _________ to communicate between body parts
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HORMONES
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exocrine glands secrete products into ________ that lead to external environment.
Examples of exocrine glands: , |
ducts (endocrine doesn't use ducts)
Sebaceous gland, sweat gland, lingual glands, mammary gland |
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What three organs are both endocrine and exocrine?
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Stomach, Liver, Pancreas
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Exocrine function of the stomach?
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Secrete into lumen of gastric gland
• Mucus cells - mucus • Parietal cells - H+ and Cl- • Chief cells - Pepsinogen |
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Endocrine function of the stomach?
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• G-cells secrete gastrin into blood
• Gastrin stimulates HCl production Coffee stimulates gastrin release increasing HCl in stomach |
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Exocrine function of the Liver
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Secretes bile into lumen of bile duct
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Endocrine function of the Liver
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• Along with kidney, secretes thrombopoietin into blood
• Stimulates platelet production in bone marrow (Megakaryocytopoiesis) • Angiotensinogen: raises blood pressure • insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) - important role in childhood growth |
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Exocrine function of the Pancreas
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• Secretes bicarbonate and digestive enzymes into lumen of pancreatic duct (which goes into small intestine)
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Endocrine function of the pancreas
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Secretes insulin & glucagon into blood - regulates blood glucose level
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Local regulators that secrete chemicals that affect nearby cells or themselves?
Are these chemicals hormones? |
paracrine & autocrine
NOT hormones Typically NOT considered part of the endocrine system since local effect only |
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Local regulators that cross synapses
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Neurotransmitters
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Released from specialized neurons of nervous system organs into the blood
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Neurohormones
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Epinephrine's effect on the following:
Liver Skeletal muscle blood vessel Intestinal blood vessel |
-Liver: stimulates breakdown of glycogen and glucose is released
-Skeletal muscle blood vessel: stimulates dilation -Intestinal blood vessel: stimulates constriction |
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________& _______ control much of endocrine system
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Hypothalamus & Pituitary
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Does the posterior pituitary gland synthesize hormones?
What hormones does it secrete? |
NO, it stores and secretes hormones made by the hypothalamus
ADH and Oxytocin |
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Anterior pituitary gland controlled by hormones delivered directly from ____________ (vs. post pit which is controlled by nerve impulse from ______________)
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hypothalamus
hypothalamus |
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regulate other endocrine organs (FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH)
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Tropic hormones
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hormones directly stimulate target cells to induce effects (Prolactin, MSH)
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Non-tropic
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Some ant. pit. hormones have both tropic & non-tropic effects, example?
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Growth hormone
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Tropic effect of Growth hormone?
Non-tropic? |
Tropic -Induces liver to release IGF-1 which regulates bone growth
Non-tropi - Acts directly on muscles to stimulate growth |
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Gigantism, Dwarfism and Acromegaly are due to ?
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Abnormal levels of growth hormone
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The Thyroid absorbs and stores _______?
Produces and secretes ? |
-Iodine
-T3, T4, and Calcitonin |
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______ is converted in to ______ in the liver, kidney, spleen using _______?
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T4 converted to T3 using selenium
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Function of T3 and T4?
Which one is more stable? Most present in blood? Which one is more active? |
-Regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, reproduction
-T4 more stable and more present in blood -T3 more active |
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Function of Calcitonin? Where is it produced?
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Increased Ca2+ causes calcitonin release --> calcitonin Inhibits uptake of Ca2+ from small intestine and inhibits Ca2+ release from bones
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Autoimmune disease
Antibody binds to TSH receptor on anterior pituitary Causes too much T3/T4 to be made 5-10x more common in women |
Grave’s disease
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Normally, increased T3/T4 in blood causes decreased _______ but w/ goiter, lack of T3/T4 leads to high _______ since no neg feedback
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-TSH
-TSH |
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Type 1 diabetes
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low insulin production
appears during childhood |
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Type 2 diabetes
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Insulin receptor on target body/liver cells malfunction so don’t uptake glucose
Usually occurs after age 40 but obesity lowers age |
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The posterior pituitary gland is controlled by?
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controlled by nerve impulse from hypothalamus
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The anterior pituitary is controlled by?
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Controlled by hormones delivered directly from hypothalamus
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T3 and T4 are made form?
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tyrosine and iodine
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T4 is converted to T3 where?
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in liver, kidney, spleen using selenium (a mineral)
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Where is calcitonin produced?
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Produced in C-cells of thyroid
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____________ causes calcitonin release
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Increased Ca2+
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Function of calcitonin?
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•Inhibits uptake of Ca2+ from small intestine
•Inhibits Ca2+ release from bones |
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hyperthyroidism disease?
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grave's disease
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Autoimmune disease
Antibody binds to TSH receptor on anterior pituitary Causes too much T3/T4 to be made |
Grave's disease
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