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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What were the goals of the first lab?
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1- Chemically testing different types of organic compounds
2 - Testing the effect of different temperatures on the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis (digestion) of starch and lipids. |
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Purpose of chemical tests
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Determine the chemical composition of substances i.e. body fluids and food.
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Test Substance/ Test solution
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The material you are testing to determine its chemical composition
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Reagents
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Chemicals that you add to the test solution to perform the test
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Positive Test
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When test solution contains the substance for which you are testing.
Reagents react with the substance and produce a change in appearance. |
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Negative Test
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Test solution lacks the substance for whic you are testing, the reaction does not take place to produce the change.
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Chemical Tests in 1st Lab
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Lugol's Test
Benedict's Test Sudan 4 Test Biuret Test |
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Recognize 4 things for each test
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1 - Recognize the test on sight
2 - Name the type of organic compound the test identifies 3 - Name the reagents used in the test 4 - Describe the appearance of a positive and negative result |
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Sudan 4 Test
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A. Lipid Test
B. Identifies: Lipids C. Sudan 4 Dye - hydrophobic; attracted to lipids but avoids contact with water. BINDS TO LIPIDS in sol'n. D. Positive = Red Ring Negative = pink water |
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Action of Bile on lipids
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Digestive substance.
No enzymes. Emulsifies lipids = increases contact btwn lipids and lipid-digesting enzymes. |
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Digestion of lipids experiment results
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1 - Color of two test tubes: 1 = lavender; 2 = light pink
2 - Responsible for the color differences = one was at optimal temperature. 3 - Why didn't much lipid digestion occur = No bile |
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Biuret Test
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A. Protein test
B. Identifies proteins. C. Reagent: Albumin D. Positive: Violet color |
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Lugol's Test
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A. Starch test.
B. IDs (starch) C. Reagent: Lugol's D. Positive: brown-black color Negative: Iodine-amber brown |
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Benedict's Test
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A. Carb/Sugars test
B. IDs: reducing sugar (mono/disacc) C. Reagent: Benedicts D. Positive: orange, red, yellow, grn |
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Enzymes & Temperature
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Complex protein molecules.
Low temps = reduced acivity High temps = destroy enzyme |
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Optimal temperature for amylase activity (enzyme)
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37 degrees
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What temp produced the least starch digestion?
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0 dg
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Lugals & Benedicts correlation
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Strong Lugals = Weak Benedicts
Medium L = Medium B Weak Lugals = Strong Benedicts |
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Digestive Tract
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Hollow tube.
Mouth to anus. Accessory organs emptying secretions into tract |
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Is food a part of the digestive tract?
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No. Oustide the body.
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Most organs of digestive system are found where?
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Abdominopelvic cavity.
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What organs can be easily mistaken as part of the digestive tract?
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Kidneys, spleen, female reproductive structure. All in the abdominopelvic cavity.
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Parietal peritoneum
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Serous membrane that lines the walls of abdominopelvic cavity
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Visceral Peritonea
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Serous membranes that cover the surfaces of the organs found within the cavity
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Peritoneal fluid
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Lubricating fluid produced by the peritonea; prevents friction to the organs as they rub against one another and cavity walls.
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Extensions of the peritonea
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Omenta, Mesenteries, Ligaments
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Omenta, Mesenteries, Ligaments
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Omenta - anchor organs to other organs in the digestive sys.
Mesenteries = attach parts of the DT to the dorsal body wall Ligaments = anchor organs other than those of the DT to the dorsal, lateral/ventral body walls. |
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Omenta (2)
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Greater omentum - extends from greater curvature (lower edge) of the stomach and covering the small intestine and colon.
Lesser omentum = extends from the lesser curvature (upper edge) of the stomach to the liver. Covers the caudate lobe of liver. |
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Mesenteries (4)
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Mesoduodenum - anchors duodenum
Mesentery proper - achors jejunum and ileum to the body wall Mesocolon - anchors majority of the colon to dorsal body wall Mesorectum - achors rectum to the dorsal body wall |
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Ligaments (7)
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Falciform ligament
Ligamentum teres Median suspensory ligament of the bladder Lateral ligaments of the bladder Broad ligament of the uterus Round ligament of the uterus Gastrosplenic ligament |
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Falciform ligament
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Extends from the diaphragm to the liver; attaching point divides the liver into the right and left halves.
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Ligamentum Teres
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aka Round ligament
Thickened, unattached front edge of the falciform ligament |
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Median suspensory ligament of the bladder
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Extends from the midline of the bladder to the ventral body wall
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Lateral ligaments of the bladder
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Extend from the lateral edges of the bladder to the lateral body walls
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Broad ligament of the uterus
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Extends from the dorsal body wall to attach lengthwise on the uterine horn's dorsal side.
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Round ligament of the uterus
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Extends from the lateral body wall and attaches perpendicular to the broad ligament about halfway up each uterine horn.
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Gastrosplenic ligament
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Connects the spleen to the stomach
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Big Outline of DT
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Esophagus>Stomach>Small I>Lg I> Liver>Gallbladder>Pancreas> Spleen
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4 Regions of stomach
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Cardiac - attaches to esophagus
Fundus - bulge on upper left above cardiac Corpus (Body) - Main Pylorus - Tapered, terminal portion |
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Stomach Structures
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Cardiac sphincter
Pyloric sphincter Rugae - folds of gastric mucosa |
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Stomach edges
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Greater (lower convex border)
Lesser curvature (upper concave) |
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Small intestine regions (3)
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Duodenum - Short, C-shaped beginning section
Jejunum - Highly coiled middle scxn Ileum - highly coiled terminal section; empties into large intestine |
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Small Intestine Structures (3)
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Ileocecal sphincter - ring of muscle serving as a valve between the ileum and the large intestine
Villi - very small, finger-like projections of the intestinal mucosa |
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Large intestines regions (2)
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Cecum - blind pouch. beginning of the large intestine. Attached to ileum.
Colon - major portion of lg intestine. 4 parts = ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid |
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Large intestine structures (3)
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Appendix - mass of lymphatic tissue, hangs off cecum.
Haustrae = pouchlike outpocketings of the colon wall Teniae coli - ribbonlike, longitudinal strips of muscle; contract to produce haustrae. |
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Blood flow thru heart
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From 3 veins empties into RA:
1. Superior VC 2. Inferior VC 3. Coronary sinus RA > Tri valve > RV > P Trunk > PSL valve > R + L pulmonary arteries > Lungs > Pulmonary veins > LA > Bi valve > LV > Aortic SL Valve > Aorta > Tissues > Veins --> Superior vena cava |
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Ducts of Liver/Gallbladder/ Pancreas
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Hepatic duct
Cystic duct Common Bile duct Pancreatic duct Hepatopancreatic duct Duodenal ampulla |
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Cyst bile duct
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Conducts bile in and out of the gallbladder
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Common bile duct
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Fusion of the hepatic and cystic duct; conducts bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum
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Pancreatic Duct
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Conducts pancreatic juice to the DUODENUM
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Hepatic duct
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Conducts bile from the LIVER
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Hepatopancreatic Duct
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Fusion of common bile duct and pancreatic duct
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Duodenal Ampulla
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point where hepatopancreatic duct empties into duodenum
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