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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Organs of Respiration
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1) Nose
2) Nasal Cavity 3) Pharynx 4) Larynx 5) Trachea 6) Bronchi 7) Lungs 8) Diaphragm |
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Functions of Respiratory System
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1) Works closely with circulatory system(oxegnating blood)
2) Pulmonary ventilation (breathing) 3) Gas exchange and conditioning 4) Sound Production 5) Olfaction 6) Defense( Immune System) |
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Steps of Respiration
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1) Pulmonary Ventilation
2) External Respiration 3) Transport of Respiratory Gases 4) Internal Respiration 5) Carbon Dioxide is added to the atmosphere during exhalation |
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Pulmonary Ventilation
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Air moving in and out of the lungs
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External Respiration
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Gas exchange between blood and air (at the alveoli)
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Internal Respiration
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Gases exchanged between bood and tissue cells
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Ventilation
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1) Inspiration
2) Exhalation |
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Inspiration
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1) Diaphragm contracts- moves inferiorly and flattens
2) External Intercostals contract- raising the ribs |
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Expiration
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1) Quiet respiration is passive
2) Forced respiration produced by contraction of muscles in the abdominal wall |
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Cystic Fibrosis
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1) Genetic Respiratory Disease
2) Affects organs that secrete mucin, tears, sweat, digestive juices, and saliva 3) Abnormal chloride transport- results in thick mucus 4) Mucus buildup blocks pancreatic ducts and prevents digestive enzymes from entering the small intestine 5) Mucus buildup blocks the bronchial tree, leading to chronic respiratory infections |
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Upper Respiratory Tract
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1) Nose and Nasal Cavity
2) Pharynx |
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Nose and Nasal Cavity
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1) Provides an airway for respiration
2) Lined with psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 3) Blood vessels and mucus help moisten and warm entering air 4) Mucus and vibrissae filter inhaled air 5) Resonating chamber for speech and sound 6) House olfactory receptors |
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Pharynx
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1) Connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus
2) Three regions: A) Nasopharynx B) Oropharynx C) Laryngopharynx |
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Nasopharynx Epithelium
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Psuedostratified ciliated columnar
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Oropharynx Epithelium
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Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous
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Laryngopharynx Epithelium
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Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous
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Lower Respiratory Tract
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1) Larynx
2) Trachea 3) Bronchi and Bronchioles and Associated Structures 4) Respiratory Portion |
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Trachea
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1) Windpipe
2) Posterior wall is not rigid; allows esophagus to expand 3) Composed of "C" shaped tracheal cartilages 4) Mucosa A) psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium B) Contains numerous goblet cells |
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Goblet Cells
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secret mucus
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Larynx
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1) Routes Air and Food
2) Provides open airway 3) Voice Production |
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Voice Production
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True Vocal Chords(or Vocal Folds)
1) Length creates Sound Range 2) Tension creates Pitch 3) Force of Air creates Volume(loudness) length, tension, and positition determines sound quality |
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Respiratory Portion
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1) Respiratory Bronchioles
2) Alveolar Ducts 3) Pulmonary Alveoli |
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Alveoli
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Small saccular outpocketings
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Compostion of Alveolus
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1) Type I Cells
2) Type II Cells 3) Dust Cells 4) Respiratory Membrane 5) Alveolar Pores |
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Type I Cells of Alveolus
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1) Most Numerous
2) Structural Cells- provide rapid gas diffusion across alveolar wall 3) Simple Squamous |
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Type II Cells of Alveolus
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1) also called septal cell
2) Cuboidal shape 3) Secret Pulmonary Surfactant- reduces surface tension and prevents alveoli from collapsing |
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Dust Cells
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Macrophages
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Respiratory Membrane
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Air-blood barrier
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External Structures of the Lung
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1) Base
2) Apex 3) Hilum 4) Cardiac Impression and Notch |
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Base
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Rests on the diaphragm
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Apex
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Superior region of tip
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Hilum
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1) Region where bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass
2) Collectively, all structures passing through the hilum are termed the "root of the lung" |
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Cardiac Impression and Notch
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Indentations formed by the heart
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Structures of the Pleura
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*serous membrane lining the lungs
1) Parietal pleura 2) Visceral pleura 3) Pleural cavity- space between the two layers of pleura 4) Pleural fluid- lubrication that prevents friction of lungs during breathing |
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Respiratory Disorders
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1) Pneumonia
2) Bronchial Asthma 3) Emphysema 4) Lung Cancer |
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Pneumonia
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Infection of the alveoli of the lung resulting in swellling and reduced capacity for gas exchange.
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Bronchial Asthma
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Hypersensitivity of conductin pathways leads to inflammation and bronchoconstriction
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Emphysema
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1) Poorly functioning alveoli due to dilation of alveoli and loss of elastic tissue
2) Air is trapped in alveoli |
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Lung Cancer
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1) Cigarette Smoking Leading Cause
2) 3 Common Types A) Squamous Cell Carcinoma B) Adenocarcinoma C) Small Cell Carcinoma 3) Most effective treatment is complete removal of diseased lung |
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Development of the Respiratory System
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1) Week 4: Respiratory diverticulum and primary bronchial buds form
2) Week 5: Secondary bronchial buds form 3) Week 6: Tertiary bronchi form |