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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are carboxylic acids? |
Compounds containing the functional group -COOH. |
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How do you name carboxylic acids? |
Find and name the longest alkane chain, then replace the -e suffix with -oic acid. |
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How are carboxylic acid carbons numbered when naming them? |
Carbon in the Carboxyl group is carbon 1. |
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What type of acids are Carboxylic Acids? |
Weak acid. |
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Why are carboxylic acids very soluble in water? |
Electrons are drawn to their O atoms, so they can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Hδ+ and Oδ- on different atoms are attracted to each other. |
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What is meant by a 'Weak Acid'? |
An acid that partially dissociates in water. |
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What products do you get when a Carboxylic Acid reacts with a reactive metal? |
Salt + Hydrogen Gas |
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What products do you get when a Carboxylic Acid reacts with a carbonate? |
Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water |
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What products do you get when a Carboxylic Acid reacts with a base? |
Salt + Water |
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What are esters? |
Compounds with the function group -COO- |
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What are the two ways of making an ester? |
Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid, Alcohol + Acid Anhydride |
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How do you name an Ester? |
The alkyl group that came from the Alcohol is the first part of the name. The second part is the carboxylic acid, with the -oic acid suffix replaced with -oate. E.g. Methyl Ethanoate, Ethyl Methanoate etc. |
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What would be the name of the product from reacting Methanol with Benzoic Acid? |
Methyl Benzoate |
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What is normally used as the catalyst for esterification? |
H2SO4 (Sulphuric Acid) |
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Why do you need to distil the products of an Esterification Reaction? |
The reaction is reversible, so to ensure you keep the products. |
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What is an Acid Anhydride? |
A molecule made from two identical carboxylic acids, connected by an ester bond. |
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What catalyst is need to react an Alcohol with an Acid Anhydride? |
None. |
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How do you name an Acid Anhydride? |
Take the name of the two carboxylic acids that make up it, and replace 'acid' with 'anhydride' |
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What are the products for an Alcohol reacting with a Carboxylic Acid? |
Ester + H2O |
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What are the products for an Alcohol reacting with an Acid Anhydride? |
Ester + Carboxylic Acid |
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What are some commercial uses of esters? |
Food flavourings, Perfumes |
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What are the two types of Hydrolysis of Esters? |
Acid Hydrolysis and Base Hydrolysis. |
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Describe the process of Acid Hydrolysis on an Ester. |
The ester is reacted with a dilute H2SO4/HCl under reflux. This forms the Carboxylic Acid and Ester used to make up the Ester. |
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Why do you need a lot of water in the Acid Hydrolysis of an Ester? |
The reaction is reversible, and so you needs lots of water to shift the equilibrium far enough to the right to prevent the ester reforming. |
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Describe the process of Base Hydrolysis on an Ester. |
The ester is reacted with Aqueous NaOH under reflux. This forms a Na+ Salt and an alcohol. |