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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Laboratory Studies (6 things) |
Cardiac Enzymes Cholesterol- less than 240 mg/dl triglycerides- less than 185 mg/dl Hematocrit- F- 37-47% M- 40-54% Hemoglobin- F- 12-16 g/dl M- 13-18 g/dl WBC Count- 4500-11000 |
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hyperkalemia |
K+>5 mmol/L decreased ability for myocardial contractility |
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hypokalemia |
K+<3.5 mmol/L life threatening tachycardic arrhythmias |
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Normal Na+ |
136-143 mmol/L |
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Normal Ca+ |
4.5-5.3 gm/dl |
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High CO2 |
>30 mm Hg alkalytic state of muscle weakness |
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EKG diagnostic tool is to.... |
1) diagnose arrhythmia causing symptoms 2) measure disease progression 3) measure effectiveness of treatment |
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Holter Monitor |
EKG using a journal to report activity and S/S used after: syncope or repeated arrhythmias that cardiac doctors can't produce symptoms of |
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Echocardiography |
Ultrasound of the heart provides information on: valve function, size of ventricle, thickness of septums shows wall hypertrophy gives EF values CANNOT see posterior wall of heart Used after: CHF, MI, unstable Angina, cardiomyopathy or syncope |
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Thallium Stress Test |
stress test that uses a radioactive nuclear marker called Thallium. Looks at ischemia y assessing BF through myocardial tissue |
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Coronary Angiography (Angiogram) |
2% risk of stroke Definitive diagnosis for CAD, Valvular Dysfunction or congenital defects catheter threaded up radial of femoral artery and injects dye to show BF through coronary arteries Used after unstable angina, acute MI, (+) stress test or (+) echocardiogram best rest 6-12 hrs/ watch for hematoma |
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Angiogram Shows 70% Block |
mild/asymptomatic |
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Angiogram Shows 90% Block |
conservative management if risk of MI is imminent= surgical intervention |
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Hematoma S/S |
bleeding at site drop in BP after Angiogram Dizziness after Angiogram Weakness after Angiogram |
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TEE |
Trans Esophageal Echo fiber optic ultrasound head threaded down pts esophagus improved visualization of heart function and structures Used with obese pt or to look at posterior wall |
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PET |
Positron Emission Tomography 3-D view of BF measures metabolic function and dynamic heart function w/o exercise Very Expensive |
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MUGA |
Multigrated Acquistion Imaging or Gated Pool Image non-invasive calculates LV EF not expensive multiple EKG views to look at EF |
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Graded Exercise Stress Test |
Bruce Protocol or Naughton-Balke Used when pt has chest pain with exhertion, dyspnea, pressure or symptom of CAD ischemia, risk stratification Test is stopped when: EKG Changes, Anginal symptoms, extreme dyspnea or LE fatigue |
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PTCA |
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angiplasty Catheter threaded to area of leision or plaque balloon inflated to compress leision or plaque Used of MODERATE atherosclerosis or blockage in 1-2 arteries Bedrest, EKG, signs of intolerance noted |
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Stent Placement |
PTCA performed Compress lesion and stent put in to maintain artery diameter Bedrest, EKG, signs of intolerance noted |
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CABG |
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Prvides artery detour where atherosclerosis is so BF can continue smoothly Used with: MODERATE to SEVERE CAD or 1 or more vessel blocked Grafts: LIMA, Saphenous, Radial, RIMA LIMA is the best to use to resist stenosis Bedrest, EKG, UE restrictions, sign of intolerance |
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Pacemaker Implantation |
electronic pulse generator controls certain arrhythmias: SA arrhythmias or AV disorders- 2 Mobitz or 3 Block |
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Pacemaker Code |
1st Letter- chamber being paced 2nd Letter- chamber being sensed 3rd Letter- response to sensing 4th Letter- programming- rate modulation 5th Letter- anti-tachycardia function- defib |
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AICD |
Artificial Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator detects correct ventricular fibrillation and bradycardia corrects life threatening arrhythmias w/ pacemaker of seperate UE restrictions, EKG, signs of intolerance |
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EP Ablation |
Electrophysiologic Ablation pt with arrhythmia undergoes EP study to see if certain spot of hear initiates arrhythmia once found, ablation clotorizes tissue at spot should eliminate arrhythmia |
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ASDR ot VSDR |
Atrial of ventricular septal defect repair correction of closing defect usual congenital but sometimes from tumor |
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AVR or MVR |
Valve Replacement replacement of faulty valve due to insufficency or stenosis artificial or natural valve Bedrest, UE restriction, EKG and signs of intolerance noted |
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LVAD |
Left Ventricular Assist Device used when pt's heart can't pump on its own bridge to transplant of permanent treatment make sure there is not "pulling" of the tube and that its relaxed |
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Orthotopic Transplant |
more common donor heart replaces original original bilateral atria are left graft right atrium to right atrium and left atrium to left atrium |
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Heterotopic Transplant |
"piggyback technique" original heart left in place transplanted heart put on opposite side of chest attached atria to atria and ventricle to ventricle |
