Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Contraindications to exercise in cardiac rehabilitation
|
Unstable angina
Resting SBP >200 Resting DBP >100, Orthostatic drop/exercise drop 20mmHg Mod-Severe aortic stenosis Resting HR >120 Acute systemic illness or fever Uncontrolled atrial/ventricular dysrhythmia Uncontrolled CHF 3rd degree AV block Acute pericarditis/myocarditis Recent embolism Resting ST displacement > 2mm Uncontrolled DM |
|
In general, the rate of heart disease in sedentary individuals is ____ that of active individuals
|
twice
|
|
Effect of exercise on mortality in patients after cardiac event/surgery
|
in general decreases mortality by about 30% but not directy from cardiac causes
|
|
Would you ever use exercise with medical management over percutaneous stent placement for treatment of CAD?
|
Yes, In stable patients exercise/medical management may acutally have a mortality and O2 uptake benefit over PCI.
|
|
Is execise training thought to significantly decrease the mortality rate of patients with chronic heart failure?
|
yes (no unclear if this changes with b-blocker and defibrillators)
|
|
The NNT with exercise to prevent one cardiac death in 2 years in patients with chronic heart failure is ____ (ExTraMATCH trial)
|
NNT = 17
|
|
List the 4 hypothesized ways that exercise is beneficial in cardiac disease
|
- correction of endothelial dysfunction
- regression of coronary atherosclerosis - collateral formation - promotion of vasculogensis by stem cells |
|
Vasorelaxation of arteries is largely dependent on the regulation of production vs. degradation of ____
|
nitric oxide
|
|
In vessels nitric oxide is produced by
|
nitric oxide synthase
|
|
In vessels, nitric oxide is generally degraded by
|
reactive oxygen species
|
|
Nitric oxide half life is controlled by
|
reactive oxygen species
|
|
The precursor of nitric oxide is
|
L-Arginine
|
|
True or false...patients with coronary artery disease produce more reactive oxygen species than the average patient
|
true
|
|
True or false...patients with coronary artery disease have decreased vasomotion?
|
true
|
|
2 main ways that vacular lesions repair themselves
|
- stem cells (endothelial progenitor cells)
- outgrowth of adjacent endothelial and smooth muscle cells |
|
Describe the molecular alterations that occur to improve endothelial function in patients with heart disease after exercise training
|
* overall increased NO and decreased reactive oxygen species by:
- increased eNOS expression - increased AKT-mediated eNOS phosphorylation - decreased expression of p22phox and gp91phox - decreased NADPHoxidase activity - decreased AT-R1 expression |