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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the 3 roles of articular cartilage |
Transfer forces between articulating bones. Distribute forces in joints. Allow relative movement between articular surfaces with minimal friction.what ma |
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What are the cells that make up cartilage? |
Chondrocytes. 5-10% |
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What is included in the intercellular matrix of cartilage? |
Water (65-80%) Structural macromolecules (20-35%) + collagen type II (elastic structure) & + proteoglycans (globular proteins, compressive strength) |
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Cartilage is aneural, what does this mean? |
There is no nerve supply, therefore no pain from damage |
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What is the role of synovial fluid in cartilage? |
Provides lubrication. Provides nutrients. |
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What are the roles of collagen? |
Structural framework of cartilage, tendon, and ligament. Provides tensile strength & stiffness. Arranged to exploit tensile strength. |
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What are the compressive properties of proteoglycans? |
Give cartilage visco-elastic properties. Repel as negatively electro-statically charged. Result in compressive strength. Higher amount = higher stiffness. |
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What are the tensile properties of cartilage? |
Determined by arrangement of collagen. Tensile strength higher parallel to surface than perpendicular. |
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What are the compressive properties of collagen? |
Determined by proteoglycan content. Compressive stiffness least at surface & greatest in the middle zones |
Proteoglycans |
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What are the visco-elasticity properties of cartilage? |
Associated with the movement of water within the tissue. The higher the pressure & compressive strains, the less permeable cartilage becomes. |
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What are the acute reasons for cartilage failure? |
Active forces (e.g. Heavy lifting) Impact forces (e.g. collisions) |
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What are the chronic causes of failure to cartilage? |
Interfacial wear - occurs when Proteoglycans & collagen matrix is damaged by cyclic stressing |
Usually occur later in life
Caused by application of high impact forces over long periods of time (e.g. Running) |
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What is menisci? |
Fibrocartilage = + spacers and stabilisers + shock absorbers + produce appropriate shape + used to reduce force |
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What does cartilage provide at articular joints? |
Shock absorption.
Facilitates friction free movement. |
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What is the healing process for ligament? |
1. Influx of blood cells to damaged area causing inflammation and pain. 2. New collagen fibres laid down. 3. Scar tissue forms. 4. Scar tissue slowly remodels. |
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