Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where is the case study based?
|
Newcastle
|
|
What county is the case study based in?
|
Down
|
|
What country is the case study based in?
|
Northern Ireland
|
|
When was a rail link opened between Belfast and the town?
|
1869
|
|
Where is the town set?
|
In a bay
|
|
How much beach is there?
|
8km
|
|
How much does the population rise in summer months due to tourism?
|
15,000
|
|
What's the name of the bay where Newcastle sits?
|
Dundrum Bay
|
|
How long is the beach running along the ____ bay?
|
20km
|
|
Where does the between running along the ____ bay go between?
|
St John's Point and Newcastle Harbour
|
|
What drives the coastal system here?
|
Waves
|
|
What is the nature of the waves?
|
Gentle
|
|
Why is the nature of the waves such?
|
Limited fetch area
|
|
What types of waves dominate?
|
Constructive
|
|
When do the other type of waves dominate?
|
During storms
|
|
When was the sediment that makes up the beach washed down from the mountains?
|
After the last Ice Age
|
|
Where is the wave cut notch?
|
Dundrum Village
|
|
How high above the current sea level is the wave cut notch?
|
14m
|
|
The wave cut notch is believed to make a maximum height of a period. What period was this, and how long ago was it?
|
Glacial, 15,000 years ago
|
|
What types of engineering methods have been used?
|
Hard
|
|
What did groynes do?
|
Trap the sand and stop it from drifting up the beach
|
|
Why are the groynes no longer effective?
|
They have decayed, and may have contributed to sand loss
|
|
When were the groynes created?
|
1980s
|
|
What were the groynes made out of?
|
Concrete
|
|
What type of groynes are the present council studying?
|
Wooden
|
|
How long would each new groyne be?
|
20-30m long
|
|
How much does each new gryone cost per meter?
|
£1250
|
|
What did gabions do?
|
Protected the recreation ground over the beach
|
|
Where were the gabions?
|
Mouth of the Shimna
|
|
When were the old gabions replaced?
|
2006
|
|
What are gabions more effective than rock armour?
|
They allow water to slowly dissipate energy
|
|
Where was rock armour used?
|
A dune face
|
|
When was extensive rock armour constructed?
|
1990s
|
|
What did the extensive rock armour protect?
|
The Royal County Down Golf Course
|
|
What negative effect did the rock armour have?
|
It reduced sediment for Murlough Bay, an ASSI.
|
|
What does ASSI stand for?
|
Area of Special Scientific Interest
|
|
Why was the sea wall needed?
|
When urban growth was experienced and houses were built close to the sea.
|
|
What does the sea wall support?
|
The pedestrian walkway (promenade)
|
|
When was the old wall partially washed away (and what year was the new on built)?
|
2002, 2002
|
|
How much was the new wall raised by?
|
4m
|
|
How much did the new wall cost?
|
£4 million
|
|
What design does the new wall have?
|
Curved, wave return design to stop water splashing over the top
|
|
What downside is there?
|
Refracted waves increase beach erosion
|
|
What has the Department of the Environment announced?
|
A Integrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy
|
|
How long does the new strategy announced last, and between what years?
|
20 years, 2006-2026
|
|
What does the strategy aim to do?
|
Groups are encouraged to work towards a more sustainable approach to coastal management.
|