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52 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Medulla Oblongata
Location? |
part of brainstem
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Medulla Oblongata
function? |
regulation of respiratory rhythm, controls rate and stregnth of heartbeat, blood vessle diameter.Coughing, sneezing, swallowing,vomiting.
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What cranial nerves are contained in the Medulla Oblongata
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Cranial Nerves 9,10, 11, 12
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What is Cranial Nerve 1?
Function? |
Olfractory controls smell
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What is Cranial Nerve 2?
Function? |
Optic nerve controls central and peripheral vision
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What is Cranial Nerve 3?
Function? Location? |
Occulomotor nerve is located in the midbrain, controls eyemovement, elevation of upper eyelids and pupil constriction
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What is Cranial Nerve 4?
Function? Location? |
Trochlear nerve is located in the midbrain. Controls down and inward eye movement
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What is Cranial Nerve 5?
Function? Location? |
Trigeminal nerve is located in the Pons. Controls touch, pain, temperature, chewing, jaw and eye muscle, proprioception
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What is Cranial Nerve 6?
Function? Location? |
Abducens nerve is located in Pons.
Controls abduction of the eyes |
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What is Cranial Nerve 7?
Function? Location? |
Facial Nerve is located in the pons. controls the muscles of facial expressions. closes eyelids. Controls secretions from glands in mouth and eyes
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What is Cranial Nerve 8?
Location? Function? |
Acoustic nerve is located in the Pons. The vestibular branch controls equalibrium, the cochlear branch controls hearing
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What is Cranial Nerve 9?
Location? Function? |
Glossopharyngeal nerve is located in the medulla oblongata, controls movement of pharyngeal muscles, secretion of parotid glands, pharyngeal and posterior tongue sensations
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What is Cranial Nerve 10?
Location? Function? |
Vagus nerve is located in the medulla oblongata, controls pharyngeal and laryngeeal movement & sensation, visceral activities, taste
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What is Cranial Nerve 11?
Location? Function? |
Spinal Acessory nerve is located in the Medulla oblongata.
Controls pharyngeal, sternocleomastoid & trapezius movement |
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What is Cranial Nerve 12?
Location? Function? |
Hypoglossal nerve is located in medulla oblongata.
Controls tongue movement |
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Corpus Callosum
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Joins the 2 cerebral hemispheres
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Cerebellum
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Composed of grey and white matter, it controls equilibrium, posture, muscle tone & coordination
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Lymbic System
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Regulates some visceral activities, and some function in emotional personality
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Normal ICP
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less than 10
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Falx Cerebelli
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Separates left and right cerebellar hemispheres
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Pons
Location? Function? Cranial nerves contained? |
Located in brainstem
Contains projection tracts between spinal cord, medulla, and brain. Controls rate & legnth or respirations along with the medulla.Sensory input and motor output for face. CN 5,6,7,8 are located |
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Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Location? Function? Cranial nerves contained? |
Part of brainstem. Controls wakefulness through the RAS, motor coordination, & conjugate eye movements
CN 3,4 are located |
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Frontal lobe
Location? Function? |
Part of cerebral cortex.
Controls voluntary motor function and higher mental functions |
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Parietal Lobe
Location? Function? |
Part of cerebral cortex.
Responsible for sensory function, sensory association, higher level processing of general sensory modalities |
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Temporal lobe
Location? Function? |
part of cerebral cortex
controls auditory and speech centers |
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Occipital Lobe
Location? Function? |
Part of cerebral cortex
responsible for visual reception and visual association |
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Basal Ganglia
Function? |
central motor movement
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Thalmus (diencephalon)
Function? |
relays sensory impulses to cortex. This is the lowest level of crude conscious awareness
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Hypothalmus
Function? |
Regulates ANS, stress response, sleep appetite, temp, emotions and water balance
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What must ICP level be to have Intracranial Hypertension?
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ICP greater than 20mmHg
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Cerebral Spinal Fluid
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*Clear colorless liquid that has few cells, some protein, glucose, and lg amts of sodium chloride
*Reabsorbed by arachnoid villi *Norm circulating volume is 125-150 ml *500-800 ml produced per day |
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Cerebellum
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governs all sensory, motor, thought, learning,analizes, associates, intergrates, and stores info
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Meninges
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3 layers covering brain, spinal cord and spinal canal.
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3 Meningial coverings and purposes.
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starting @ brain
Pia Arachnoid Dura |
mnemonic P A D. the meninges "pad the brain"
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List 12 cranial nerves
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1-olfactory
2-optic 3-occulomotor 4-trochlear 5-trigeminal 6-abducens 7-facial 8-acoustic 9-glossopharyngeal 10-vagus 11-spinal acessory 12-hypoglossal |
mnemonic:
On Old Olympus's Towering Tops A Fin And German Viewed Some Hopps |
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Calc for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
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MAP-ICP=CPP
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Minimal Acceptable CPP
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60 mmHg
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A Wave (ICP)
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aka plateau waves occur with a sudden, sustained rise in ICP. 50-100 mmHg
Usually not present, last approx 5-20 min They reflect Cerebral ischemia |
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B Wave (ICP)
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Seen with ICP 20-40mmHg
Variable in shape and size Last 0.5-2 min |
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C Wave (ICP)
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occur every 4-8 min, they raise ICP up to 20mmHg, unknown significance
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Arterial tears in brain
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Epidural hematoma
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Venous tears in brain
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subdural heamtoma
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Concussion
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Strech injury to axon from blunt trauma
Unconsciousness less than 30 min and attention span / memory deficits |
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Diffuse Axonal Injury
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sheering injury, the injury disconnects the Cerebral hemispheres from the reticular activating system.
Characterized by immediate coma lasting 6-24hours |
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Contusion
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Focal head injury, bruising & edema of the cerebral cortex
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Epidural hematoma
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neurosurgical emergency usually associated with temporal or parietal skull fx with laceration of middle meningeal artery.
typically loss of consciousness thnanbreif lucid period (4-6hrs)followed by increasing restlessness, aggitation, & confusion progressing to coma |
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What deficits/signs and symptoms would you see in Epidural Hematoma
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N&V during lucid period.
Ipsilateral occulomotor paralysis Siezures Contralateral hemiparesis, hemiplegia + babinski |
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Common progression of Epidural Hematoma
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Uncal Herniation
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Raccoon eyes
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Ecchymosis around eyes resulting from bleeding into the paranasal sinuses. Indicative of basilar skull fx in the anterior fossa
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Rhinorrhea
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CSF draining from nose. Indicative of basilar skull fx in the anterior fossa
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Otorrhea
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CSF draining from ears is indicative of Middle Fossa basilar skull fx
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Battle's Sign
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An area of ecchymosis over the mastoid projection. Indicative of a temporal or basilar fx in the posterior fossa
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