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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which statement best explains the relationship between heredity and environment as viewed through the epigenetic framework?
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The relationship between heredity and environment is bidirectional
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it is difficult to isolate the precise damages caused by a single illegal drug during pregnancy because
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drug using mothers are often exposed to multiple teratongens such as poor nutrition or maternal stress
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thalidomide, a sedative prescribled to pregnant mothers in the 1960s, often produce
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gross deformities of the embryo's arms and legs when taken by expecting mothers 4 to 6 weeks after conception
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at the end of the second trimester nearly all of the brain's ______ are in place. However the brain's ______ continue to increase at a rapid rate throughout pregnancy and after birth.
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billions of neurons / glial cells
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in a study where mothers read aloud The Cat In The Hat for the last 6 weeks of pregnancy after birth the infants
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learned to turn on recordings of the mother's voice by sucking on nipples. they sucked hardest to hear The Cat in the Hat, the sound they had come to know while still in the womb
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during the period of embryo, the ectoderm will become
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the nervous system and skin
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the placenta is
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the organ that permits exchange of nutrients and waste products between the bloodstream of the mother and the embryo, while also preventing the mother's and embryo's blood from mixing directly
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the most rapid structural changes take place during the period of the ______ whereas the rate of body growth is greatest during the period of ______
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embryo / fetus
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niche-picking is an example of a(an) ____ genetic-environmental correlation
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active
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in ________ societies people stress group over individual goals where as in ______ societies people are largely concerned with their own personal needs
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collectivist / individualist
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Chromosomes are made up of a chemical substance called
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DNA
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The age of viability is the point at which
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the baby can fist survive
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the period of the _____ is the time when serious defects from teratogens are most likely to occur because ______ this time
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Embryonic period / the foundation for all body parts are being laid down
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which of the following are groups tend to do the most niche-picking
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older children and adolescents
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the period of the zygote lasts about _____ beginning with _____.
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two weeks / the zygote's first cell duplication
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a phenotype is
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the individual's physical and behavioral characteristics, which are determined by both genetic and environmental factors
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Which of the following would be a highly canalized behavior
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infant perception and motor development objects, sit up, crawl, and walk
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between 1970 and 2001 the birth rate for American women is their thirties has
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increase by more than doubled
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inside the blastocyat the ______ will become the new organism and the _____ will become the structures that provide nourishment and protective covering
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embryonic disk / trophoblast
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In healthier pregnant women regular moderate exercise is associated with _______ and frequent vigorous exercise is related to _______.
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Increase in birth weigh / lower birth weight
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the pattern of inheritance in which both versions of the gene influence a person;s characteristics is called
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incomplete dominance
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Jim and Joanna are brother and sister two years apart in age and Louis and Louisa are fraternal twins which pair is genetically more similar
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that are the same genetically
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the most well known effect of smoking during the prenatal period is
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low birth weight
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what could one determine about a peron whose 23rd parid of chromosomes is XY
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male
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during the first two weeks of pregnancy teratogens
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are usually not susceptible
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the crossing over and random sorting of chromosome are pairs during meiosis result in
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zygote
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children born to mothers who were pregnant in Chemobyl Ukraine during the nuclear power plant accident
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miscarriages and babies born with underdeveloped brains, physical deformities, and slow physical growth rose dramatically
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which of the following prenatal diagnostic methods carry some risk of injuring the fetus
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chorionic villus sampling
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the period of the embryo last from the ______ week through the ______ week of pregnancy
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implantation / 8th
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Chromosomes
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are rod like structures in the cell nucleus that stores and transmit genetic information
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serious disease are only rarely due to dominant alleles this is because
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live long enough to reproduce and the harmful dominant allele is eliminated from the family's heredity in a single generation
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by the end of the second week of pregnancy the _______ sends out tiny fingerlike ________ from which the placenta begins to emerge
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chorion / villi or blood vessels
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A friendly cheerful child will probably receive more social situation then a shy reserved child this is an example of a genetic environmental correlation
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evocative
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down syndrome is most commonly caused by
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a failure of the twenty-first pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis, so the new individual inherits three of these chromosomes rather than the normal tow
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a _______ refers to any environmental agent that cause damage during the parental period
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teratongen
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______ is a drug used to treat acne that can cause serve multiple defects if taken during pregnancy
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Accutane
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A white cheese like substance called _____ protects the fetus skin from chapping
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vernix
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Modifier genes
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are genes that can enhance or dilute the effects of other genes
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A concordance rate of 100 percent for an extroverted personality would mean that
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both twins are extroverted
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an expectant mother who ensures that her meat is well cooked and has other family members change the cat litter box is trying to avoid
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toxoplasmosis
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______ can infect the baby during birth as she passes through the mother's birth canal
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AIDS
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The most common type of multiple birth occurs when
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two ova are released and fertilized (fraternal twins)
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