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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Life begins with? |
Cells |
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Cellular Ubiquity |
Living organisms = organized chemical factories Great diversity in form and function Take matter --> make copies of themselves Commonality --> life |
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Basic unit of life |
Cells |
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Development of the microscope |
Robert Hooke - Virtuoso - Architect, physicist, polymath |
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Robert Hooke's microscope used one created by??? |
Christopher White |
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Robert Hooke's book on his microscopic finds |
Micrographia - London Royal Society |
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Dutch trader and scientist First to report protozoa (1674) |
Anton van Leeuenhoek |
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T/F: Anton van Leeuenhoek was rich and educated |
F. He was only a curious guy |
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First to describe unicellular organisms, muscle fibers, bacteria, blood flow in capillaries |
Anton van Leeuenhoek |
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T/F: van Leeuenhoek never published a journal |
True |
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van Leeuenhoek's magnifying glass magnified up to? |
200x - hand crafter lenses - ultimately used for micro --> animalcules - "animalcules" |
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Vitalists (2) |
Plato Aristotle |
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The Cell Theory - Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow, Treviranus, Moldenhauer, Dutrochet |
Omnis Cellula e Cellula |
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The Cell Theory (4) |
1. Made up of one or more cells 2. Basic unit of life 3. Arise from pre-existing cells 4. Smallest unit of structure, physiology, organization in living things --> dualistic identity |
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Ancient times --> scientific method was limited by _________? |
Instrumentation |
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Result of the limitations? |
Several false theorems. But they weren't stupid, simply limited |
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Life from inanimate objects Spontaneous generation |
Abiogenesis |
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"Little human" |
Homunculism |
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Vital spark or essence --> elan vital --> allspark Vital principle: separate from biochemical reactions |
Vitalism - Aristotle and Hippocrates |
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Support for the Cell Theorem (3) |
Redi Spallanzani Pasteur |
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Redi |
Flask unsealed, sealed, covered w gauze |
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Spallanzani |
Gravy |
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Pasteur |
Pasteurization |
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Who believed Pasteur saved lives via antiseptic surgery? |
Joseph Lister |
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Basic Characteristics of Cells (10) |
1. Life 2. Complexity 3. Genetic code 4. Division 5. Energy use 6. Chemical activity 7. Mechanical activity 8. Response 9. Regulation 10. Evolution |
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Level of organization of living things |
1. Atoms 2. Molecule 3. Macromolecule 4. Organelle 5. Cell 6. Tissue 7. Organ 8. Organ system 9. Organism |
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Blueprint for structures |
Genetic code |
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Central Dogma of Molecular Biology |
DNA --transcription--> RNA --translation--> Protein |
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NEW central dogma of molecular biology |
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Cells that use energy from the sun to power the photosynthetic reaction |
Autotrophic cells |
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Most abundant protein on earth |
RUBISCO |
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RUBISCo is an enzyme involved in? |
Carbon fixation |
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What part of the plant cell controls the amount of water within it? |
Large central vacuole - Contributes to turgor pressure |
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Pressure that determines the sturdiness of the plant |
Turgor pressure |
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T/F: Cells are not capable of responding to their environment. |
F. They are capable |
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Cells are believed to have arisen from a progenitor of all living things called? |
LUCA |
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The Earth's history: how old is the earth? |
4.6 billion y/o |
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How old is life? |
3.9 billion y/o |
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Why is there a gap between the age of the earth (4.6) and life (3.9)? (4) |
Primitive earth wasn't "friendly" for life - highly reducing atmosphere --> no oxygen - high energy level --> storms, lightning, eruptions, earthquakes - high water level --> oceanic - land pre-formation |
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Gases during the primitive earth (4) |
Methane Hydrogen CO2 Ammonia |
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"Prebiotic/primordial soup" hypothesis by? |
Oparin-Haldane |
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"Prebiotic/primordial soup" hypothesis |
- reducing gases + heat and electricity = organic molecules - molecules settled in the water or on rock or clay surfaces - accelerated by meteor impact + lightning storms * making the organic from inorganic |
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Evidences of the primordial soup hypothesis |
Miller-Urey experiment |
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Key element of primordial soup hypothesis/miller-urey experiment? |
Lightning |
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Precursors of life |
Organic molecules |
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What did organic molecules lack? (2) |
Replication machinery Evolutionary tendencies |
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Macromolecules are produced through? |
Polymerization |
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What are formed from macromolecules? |
Protobionts ("proto-cells") |
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What are proto-cells/proto-bionts? |
Membrane bound units with the capacity for self replication |
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proto-cells/proto-bionts started from? |
coacervates or microspheres |
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only proteins are catalytic. you need enzymes because formation is not spontaneous so anyare? ano ginamit? |
ribozymes - have the ability to act as enzymes - small base pairs |
