Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Amount of homologous chromosomes in humans |
23 |
|
Sister chromatids formed during |
Interphase |
|
Correct order of cell cycle phases |
G1 → S→ G2 → Mitosis ↺ G1 |
|
G0 phase |
The resting phase of the cell cycle |
|
G1 phase |
the longest phase of the cell cycle for most cells; cells undergo major portion of growth |
|
S phase |
genome is replicated; chromosomes replicate 2 sister chromatids |
|
G2 phase |
cell condensation; growth phase after DNA synthesis has occurred |
|
During interphase, all eukaryotic cells synthesize large amounts of |
tubulin |
|
kinetochore |
A disk-like protein structure found at the point of constriction on a chromosome |
|
DNA replication and preparations for cell division happen |
Interphase |
|
Chromosomes become visible and spindles first form |
Prophase |
|
Prophase step 1 |
Spindle fibers form |
|
Prophase step 2 |
Centrioles move to opposite ends of cell |
|
Prophase step 3 |
nuclear envelope breaks down |
|
Prometaphase |
Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers at centromere |
|
Chromosomes align at equator and spindle checkpoint arrests cells |
Metaphase |
|
Centromeres split/movepart and sister chromatids separate |
Anaphase |
|
Nucleus reformates and chromosomes are at poles; cleaved by pinching mechanism |
Telophase |
|
cells divide and cleavage furrow or plate forms |
Cytokinesis |
|
Chromosomes condense during prophase so they |
won't be damaged when moving around the cell |
|
Mitosis |
cell division keeping the number of chromosomes per cell the same. |
|
Meiosis |
cell division that makes four daughter cells each with half number of chromosomes of parent cell |
|
binary fission |
asexual form of reproduction for prokaryotic cells. |
|
somatic cells |
cells using Mitosis to reproduce and make organism grow larger and replace damaged cells |
|
germ cells |
cells put aside to be made into gametes later during Meiosis |
|
chromatid |
half of a chromosome |
|
Heterochromatin |
not expressed; portion of eukaryotic chromosome not transcribed into RNA |
|
Euchromatin |
expressed; portion of eukaryotic chromosome transcribed into mRNA |
|
G1/S checkpoint |
location where cell "decides" to divide or not |
|
G2/M checkpoint |
commits to mitosis |
|
Spindle checkpoint |
makes sure all chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers while prepping for Anaphase |
|
p53 gene |
checks DNA integrity; non-functioning with cancer, causing replication of damaged cells. |