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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The heart pumps how many quarts of blood throughout the body each minute?
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About 5 Quarts
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The two upper chambers of the heart are called ____________ and the two lower chambers are called ___________.
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atria, ventricles
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Cardiac muscle tissue is composed of _________ __________ __________.
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striated muscle cells
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Myocardial infarction results from insufficient ___________ ___________, as when a coronary __________ is occluded by atherosclerotic plaque, _____________, or myocardial _________ spasm.
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O2 supply, artery, thrombus, muscle
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Almost one third of all deaths in western countries are attributed to __________ __________.
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heart disease
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Identify the first symptom of coronary artery disease.
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Pain of Angina Pectoris
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What procedure is used to stimulate the new growth of blood vessels for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)?
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They use experimental drug therapy using injections of DNA directly into the cardiac muscle.
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List individuals having the potential to be at increased risk for coronary artery disease.
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Those who have a genetic predisposition to the disease, those older than 40 years of age, men (slightly more than women), postmenopausal women, and Caucasians. Other factors contributing to increased risk of the disease including a history of smoking; residence in urban society; the presence of hypertension, diabetes, or obesity; and a history of elevated serum cholesterol or reduced serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Lack of exercise (a sedentary lifestyle) and stress are additional risk factors.
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Describe the pain that is experienced by a patient experiencing angina pectoris.
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A sudden onset of left-sided chest pain during or shortly after exertion. The pain may radiate to the left arm or back. May experience dyspnea. BP may increase during the attack, and arrhythmias may occur.
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Identify the forms of nitroglycerin that are helpful in preventing angina.
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tablet, spray
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Angina pectoris is commonly treated with sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. Which of the following is correct concerning the use of nitroglycerin?
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Sublingual tablets are kept in the original glass container
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Cite the percentage of deaths occurring in the first hour after a myocardial infarction. |
75% |
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What measures are initiated to try to reverse cardiac arrest?
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CPR and defibrillation by an AED
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) must be instituted within __________ to ___________ minutes of the __________ arrest.
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4, 6, cardiac
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Cardiac arrest is the sudden unexpected cessation of the heart. Which of the following interventions would be expected to be taken?
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Lidocaine injection & CPR
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Name the most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in the United States.
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Hypertensive Heart Disease
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List the symptoms of essential hypertension.
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Headaches, Epistaxis, Light-headedness, Syncope (although there usually are no symptoms)
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Are people always aware that they have hypertension?
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NO
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Elevated ________ ________ ________ is (are) the __________ indication of hypertension.
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blood pressure readings, first
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Which of the following medications are NOT commonly used to treat hypertension?
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Glyburide (Diabeta)
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Which of the following drugs should be avoided in a patient with hypertension?
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Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
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Which of the following is NOT a drug used to treat elevated cholesterol levels?
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Methylprednisolone (Medrol)
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Identify the cardiac test that helps in evaluating cardiac chamber size; ventricular function; and disease of the myocardium, valves, cardiac strictures, and pericardium.
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Echocardiogram (ECG)
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Congestive heart failure (CHF) is frequently treated with which of the following medications?
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Vasodilators, Beta blockers, Digoxin
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The use of which of the following medicines is discouraged when a patient is taking nitrate-based vasodilators?
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Sildenafil (Viagra)
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Cor pulmonale affects which side of the heart?
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right side
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Describe the skin of a person with pulmonary edema.
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cold & clammy
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Pulmonary edema causes patients to experience __________ and _________, orthopnea, __________ cardiac and respiratory __________, and often ____________ frothy sputum.
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dyspnea, coughing, increased, rates, bloody
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Pulmonary edema is a condition of _________ shift into the _________________ spaces of the lungs.
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fluid, extravascular
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The condition where fat-containing substances are deposited on the coronary artery lumens causing a narrowing is:
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coronary artery disease
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The procedure where a catheter with a baloon is threaded into a coronary artery and expanded to compress the plaque and widen the lumen is called:
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angioplasty
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Symptoms of cardiovascular disease include:
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chest pain, fatigue, and fainting, rapid heart beat and palpitations, cyanosis, edema, and dyspnea.
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T or F Patients with coronary heart disease always experience pain. |
False |
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The condition in which the patient experiences chest pain with exertion is:
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angina pectoris
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The patient experiencing crushing chest pain, dyspnea, diaphoresis, and anxiety usually is suffering from:
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myocardial infarction
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Common symptoms of a myocardial infarction are:
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left-sided, crushing-type pain, irregular heartbeat, dyspnea, and excessive sweating, nausea, anxiety, and denial.
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T or F
Myocardial infarction is the death of myocardial tissue caused by ischemia. |
True |
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T or F
Myocardial infarction is the death of myocardial tissue caused by ischemia. |
True
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The most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in the United States is:
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hypertensive heart disease
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The patient who complains of sudden onset of severe headache, blurred vision, and dyspnea may be suffering from:
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malignant hypertension
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T or F
The cause of essential hypertension is unknown. |
True |
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The patient who experiences gradually increasing dyspnea, anxiety, and edema of the feet and ankles may be suffering from:
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congestive heart failure
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Treatment of congestive heart failure includes:
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medication to slow and strengthen the heartbeat, administration of diuretics, digitalis.
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Fluid shift into the extravascular spaces of the lungs with accompanying dyspnea, coughing, and bloody, frothy sputum is indicative of:
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pulmonary edema
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Patients usually do not experience chest pain from atherosclerosis until the coronary arteries are about ________ occluded.
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75%
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Which of the following is an enzyme that may be elevated during an MI?
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CPK and Troponin
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Enlargement of the right ventricle as a sequel to primary lung disease, also known as right-sided heart failure is:
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cor pulmonale
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The 2 lower chambers of the heart are called the:
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ventricles
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If an ECG is showing ventricular fibrillation or asystole, the patient is probably in:
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cardiac arrest.
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