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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hormones are capable of inducing long–lasting changes throughout the body. |
True; organizing effect (produce long-lasting structural effects) |
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Activating effects can occur at any time in life when a hormone temporarily activates a particular response. |
True; activating effect (temporary when a hormone increases some activity that lasts only while hormone is present, at any time in life)
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Nature's "default setting" is to make every mammal a female in its external anatomy. |
True |
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The sexually dimorphic nucleus is larger in females than males. |
False; males than females |
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Stimulation of the medial preoptic area increases sexual activity in rodents. |
True |
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Testosterone levels continue to increase throughout a human male's lifetime. |
False |
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High levels of estrogen and progesterone will prevent ovulation. |
True |
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The changes in estrogen levels just before menstruation are the cause of PMS. |
False
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In general, men are more jealous of sexual infidelity than women. |
True |
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There are obvious differences in external anatomy of homosexual humans compared to heterosexual humans. |
False
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Although harmful in excessive amounts, the synthesis of steroids depends on: |
cholesterol |
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Two major classes of sex hormones are: |
androgens and estrogens. |
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Wolffian ducts are found in: |
female and male fetuses early in development. |
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What would cause a young mammal's external genitals to have an appearance intermediate between a male and a female? |
more testosterone than other females in a genetic female |
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The overall mechanism of early sexual differentiation has been described by saying that nature's "default setting" is to make every mammal: |
female |
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The sexually dimorphic nucleus is located in the: |
anterior hypothalamus. |
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According to rodent studies, testosterone exerts a major part of its effect on: |
the hypothalamus. |
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The estradiol normally found in the bloodstream of a female rat fetus neither masculinizes nor feminizes its development because it: |
is prevented from entering the developing cells, due to the alpha-fetoproteins that bind to the estradiol |
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One function served by alpha–fetoprotein in the developing rat fetus is to: |
prevent estradiol from entering cells. |
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Damage to the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus in rats would most likely result in: |
decreased sexual activity. |
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By blocking dopamine release, some antidepressant drugs that increase serotonin levels also: |
decrease sexual activity. |
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Sildenafil (Viagra) works by: |
increasing release of nitric oxide in the hypothalamus and penis. |
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At what point in the menstrual cycle, if any, are women who are not on birth–control pills most likely to initiate sexual activity? |
about midway between two menstrual periods |
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Many female mammals become very attentive after delivering their babies largely because of a sudden: |
surge of prolactin and oxytocin. |
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) occurs because the adrenal gland releases: |
too little cortisol. |
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A hermaphrodite is an individual: |
whose genitals do not match the usual development for their genetic sex. |
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Congenital adrenal hypertrophy, the most common cause of the intersex condition, occurs when the adrenal gland releases ________ than average levels of the hormone cortisol, causing the hypothalamus and pituitary to release ________ than average levels of ACTH. |
More; less ???
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Certain individuals with an XY chromosome pattern have the genital appearance of a female. This condition is known as: |
androgen insensitivity.
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When a newborn baby is found to be intersexed, how have most authorities over the past few decades recommended raising the child? |
When in doubt, call the child female. |
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In the Dominican Republic, certain genetic males who were regarded in early childhood as girls have developed into boys at puberty. What happened to their gender identity? |
Most adopted a clear male gender identity. |
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When examining the data on sexual orientation of twins and other siblings, what seems to be the most reasonable conclusion? |
Sexual orientation is determined by genetics as well as other factors.
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Sexual orientation has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT: |
adult hormone levels. |
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Most homosexual men, as compared to heterosexual men, have: |
testosterone levels within the same range.
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What has been found in studies that relate male homosexuality in humans to prenatal stressors?
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The findings are inconclusive.
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On average, the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex are of nearly equal size in ________ females, whereas the right hemisphere is a few percent larger in ________ males. |
hetereosexual, hetereosexual |