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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
For safe injection, correct ____________of vaccines is crucial. |
reconstitution |
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Storage:
Vaccines must be stored at appropriate _________________ according to manufacturer instructions. |
temperatures |
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Vaccines must be mixed with the correct _______________. |
diluent |
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Errors in reconstituting vaccines: (4) |
1. label missing from vial
2. wrong diluent used
3. using sterile water or saline
4. vaccine or diluent not stored at correct temp |
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Why shouldn't we use sterile water or saline to reconstitute a vaccine in place of the diluent? |
Diluents contain additives that make the vaccine more effective.
Using sterile H20 or saline makes the vaccine less effective. |
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1. When should the vaccine be reconstituted?
2. Reconstituted vaccines should be kept ____________________________.
3. Discard reconstituted vaccines after ______ hours. |
1. when it is needed, just before injection
2. cool and out of sunlight
3. SIX
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Protocol for Administering Vaccines: (5)
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1. Read the label - make sure you have matching diluent / vaccines
2. check expiration date
3. inject ALL of diluent into vaccine
4. remove needle and gently mix
5. use a NEW needle to give injection (sharp) |
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Vaccines are given to simulate _____________ against an _______________ disease. |
immunity
infectious |
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Active Immunity:
Passive Immunity: |
Active: The body responds to antigens by producing antibodies
Passive: Immunoglobulins in colostrum provide temporary protection |
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Vaccination involved ______________ exposure to antigens without ________________________.
Vaccines must be of the correct ____________ to stimulate immunity. |
deliberate
development of actual disease
DOSE |
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Immunity should last ____________________.
Vaccines should not induce __________________ or ________________.
Vaccines should be _____________________________ and ___________. |
several years
hypersensitivity or autoimmunity
easy to store & use, inexpensive |
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Inactive / "Killed" Vaccines
1. How are they made?
|
1. by growing virus in a tissue culture, then treating it so that it CANNOT REPRODUCE
|
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Inactive / "Killed" Vaccines
Advantages:
Disadvantages: |
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
|
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Sub-unit vaccines contain __________ _____________ rather than _____________ ______________. |
purified antigens
whole organisms |
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Sub-unit vaccines
Advantages:
Disadvantages: |
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
|
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Attenuated Vaccines:
Are grown in a tissue culture under conditions that make it _____________ ______________.
AKA ________________ vaccines. |
less virulent
"weakened" |
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Attenuated Vaccines:
Advantages:
Disadvantages: |
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
|
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Modified Live Virus Vaccine:
1. What are they? (Live organisms from what?)
2. pathogenic or non-pathogenic?
3. Not recommended in animals receiving _________________________.
4. Long-lasting immune response because __________________________________________. |
1. from a different strain
2. NON-pathogenic, yet still able to stimulate a protective immune response
3. immunosuppressive agents
4. they multiple inside host |
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Recombinant Vaccines
____________ for desired virus are inserted into a vector, usually a ______________.
Examples:
2 K9 2 Avian |
Genes, virus.
Lyme Distemper
Avian Influenza Newcastle Disease |
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Recombinant Vaccines
Advantages:
Disadvantages: |
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
|
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Toxoids:
Vaccines are used when a _____________ toxin is the main cause of illness.
Inactivated or "_____________" toxins have been treated with _______________.
Example.
|
bacterial
detoxified
formalin
Ex. Tetanus |
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Autogenus Vaccine:
1. Prepared from material collected from an __________ _____________ for administration to the __________ ____________.
2. Utilized as a ____________ ___________ tool.
3. It fills the void when ___________ __________ _______ emerge and there is no available vaccine.
4. Example |
1. individual animal / same animal
2. herd health
3. new disease agents
4. Addison Autogenous Bacterin Program
|
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5 Possible Routes of Vaccine Administration |
1. SQ 2. IM 3. IN 4. Orally 5. Transdermal |
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Common Core Vaccines for DOGS:
DA2PL-PC
What is it? |
D = Distemper A2 = Adenovirus Type 2 P = Parainfluenza (minor part of kennel cough) L = Leptospirosis P = Parvo C = Coronavirus |
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Routes of Administration For...
1. Bordatella:
2. Lyme:
3. Rabies: |
1. Bordatella: IN or Orally
2. Lyme: SQ
3. Rabies: IM or SQ |
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Which of these three are always given separately?
Bordatella Lyme Rabies |
Bordatella Rabies |
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Common Core Vaccine - Felines
FVRCP
What is it? |
FVR = Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis C = Calicivirus P = Panleukopenia |
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There are other feline combo vaccines that include things like ____________ and ____________.
The patient's ____________ will determine their need for these vaccines
Calici virus (on its own?) is given how? |
FeLV, Chlamydia
environment
IN (intra-nasally) |
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Vaccine Reactions:
1. For the most part are they common or uncommon?
2. What is the reaction that is of most concern?
3. Which two vaccines are most associated with causing sarcomas?
4. What type of vaccines are they? |
1. Uncommon
2. Vaccine-associated sarcoma in cats
3. FeLV and Rabies
4. Killed
|
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Vaccine-associated sarcomas typically develop __________________ to ______________ after vaccination. |
3 months to 3 years |
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What are adjuvants and what do they do?
Examples (3) |
Pharmacological agents / substances added to vaccines that increase antigenic response
1. Bacteria 2. Complex Carbohydrates 3. Aluminum salts |
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Which of the 3 types of adjuvants have been mostly identified with sarcomas (identified in up to 42% of the macrophages that infiltrate these sarcomas) |
Aluminum salts |
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Vaccine sarcomas are usually well demarcated by a _____________ ______________.
They are highly invasive and ______________ is common. |
fibrous capsule
metastasis |
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Which vaccines should be administered SQ over the RIGHT SHOULDER
(as distally as possible)
4 |
1. Panleukopenia
2. Chlamydia
3. Calici
4. Herpes |
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Which vaccine should be administered SQ in the LEFT HIND LEG? |
FeLV |
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Where should a rabies vaccine be administered?
How? |
Right Hind Leg
SQ or IM |
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What are of the body should be avoided when giving vaccines? |
Intrascapular regions |
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Why is SQ route recommended? |
Earlier detection of sarcomas -
earlier detection / diagnoses = higher cure rate, we hope. |