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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Complimentary strand of DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the enzyme reverse transcriptase |
cDNA (Complementary DNA) |
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A DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell. |
Cloning Vector |
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Set of methods that uses living cells to make many identical copies of a DNA fragment. |
DNA Cloning |
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A DNA molecule that contains genetic material from more than one organism. |
Recombinant DNA |
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Type of enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence. |
Restriction Enzyme |
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An enzyme that uses mRNA as a template to make a strand of cDNA. |
Reverse Transcriptase |
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Collection of cells that host different fragments of foreign DNA, often representing an organism's entire genome. |
DNA Library |
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An organism's complete set of genetic material. |
Genome |
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Method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific section of DNA without having to clone it in living cells. |
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) |
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Short fragment of DNA labeled with a tracer; designed to hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest. |
Probe |
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Technique that separates DNA fragments by size. |
Electrophoresis |
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Method of determining the order of nucleotides in DNA. |
Sequencing |
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Identifying an individual by analyzing the unique parts of his or her DNA. |
DNA Profiling |
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The study of genomes |
Genomics |
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One-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population. |
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) |
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Process by which deliberate changes are introduced into an individual's genome. |
Genetic Engineering |
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Organism who genome has been modified by genetic engineering |
Genetically modified organism (GMO) |
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Refers to a genetically modified organism that carries a gene from a different species. |
Transgenic |
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Idea of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race. |
Eugenics |
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Treating a genetic defect or disorder by transferring a normal or modified gene into the affected individual. |
Gene Therapy |
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Study of the comprehensive set of proteins produced by an organism or a cellular system. |
Proteomics |
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Developing computational tools to analyze and interpret biological data. |
Bioinformatics |
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Engineered microorganisms. Can produce medically important proteins and enzymes used in food manufacturing. |
Genetically modified bacteria |
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Plants that are engineered to be disease resistant, improve yield, tolerate extreme environments, improve nutritional value and resist pesticides. |
Genetically Modified Plants |
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Engineered animals to be used as medical research, improve higher yields or meat/dairy, or to create better quality of meats. |
Genetically modified animals |
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Method of genetic engineering in which edits genomes. It removes a mutated gene and replaces it with normal genes. |
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspersed short Palindromic repeats) |