Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Self Concept
|
- Is an individual’s conceptualization of himself or herself
- Directly affects one’s self-esteem, or how one feels about himself or herself |
|
Development of Self Concept
|
- Each stage builds on the tasks of the previous stage
- Self concept is always changing and is based on the following: - Sense of competency - Perceived reactions of other’s to one’s body - Ongoing perceptions and interpretations of the thoughts and feelings of others - Personal and professional relationships - Academic and employment-related identity - Self esteem is usually highest in childhood, drops during adolescence, rises gradually throughout adulthood, and declines again in old age |
|
Components of Interrelated Terms of Self Concept
|
Components of self concept frequently considered by nurses are identity, body image, and role performance
|
|
Identity
|
- Involves the internal sense of individuality wholeness, and consistency of a person over time and in different situations
- The achievement of identity is necessary for intimate relationships because individuals express identity in relationships with others - More a person identifies with social groups, the greater the person’s self esteem |
|
Body Image
|
- Involves attitudes related to the body, including physical appearance, structure or function
- Include those related to sexuality, femininity and masculinity, youthfulness, health and strength - Cognitive growth and physical development also affect body image - Cultural and societal attitudes and values also influence body image - Culture and society dictate the accepted norms of body image and influence one’s attitudes - American society emphasizes youth, beauty, and wholeness - Western cultures have been socialized to dread the normal aging process - Eastern cultures view aging very positively and respect older adults |
|
Role Performance
|
- Is the way in which individuals perceive their ability to carry out significant roles
- Parent, supervisor, or close friend - To function effectively in multiple roles, a person must know the expected behavior and values, desire to conform to them, and be able to meet the role requirements |
|
Self Esteem
|
- Is an individual’s overall feeling of self worth or the emotional appraisal of self concept
- Represents the overall judgment of personal worth or value - Ideal self consists of the aspirations, goals, values, and standards of behavior that a person considers ideal and strives to attain |
|
Stressors Affecting Self Concept
|
- Self concept stressor is any real or perceived change that threatens identity, body image, or role performance
- Individual’s perception of the stressor is the most important factor in determining his or her response - Any change in health is a stressor - Loss of a partner - Stressors created as a result of a crisis |
|
Identity Stressors
|
- Stressors affect an individuals identity throughout life, but individuals are particularly vulnerable during adolescence
- Cultural and social stressors, rather than personal stressors, have more impact on an adult’s identity |
|
Identity Confusion
|
Results when people do not maintain a clear, consistent, and continuous consciousness of personal identity
|
|
Body Image Stressors
|
- Changes in the appearance of the body, such as an amputation, facial disfigurement, or scars from burns, are obvious stressors affecting body image
- Even some elective changes such as breast augmentation or reduction affect body image - Chronic illnesses - Negative body image often leads to adverse health outcomes - Media frequently present positive stories about persons adjusting in a healthy manner following serious disabilities - Theses stories change public perception of what constitutes a disability - Providing a social environment that focuses on health and fitness, rather than on weight control, will possibly increase adolescent girls’ satisfaction with their bodies |
|
Role Performance Stressors
|
- Situational transitions occur when parents, spouses, children, or close friends die or people move, marry, divorce, or change jobs
- Any of these transitions may lead to role conflict, role ambiguity, role strain, or role overload |
|
Role Conflict
|
- Results when a person has to simultaneously assume two or more roles that are inconsistent, contradictory, or mutually exclusive
- Negotiating a balance of time and energy between her children and parents create role conflicts - The sick role involves the expectations of others and society regarding how an individual behaves when sick - Society expectations - take care of yourself, and you will get better - Co-Workers - need to get the job done |
|
Role Ambiguity
|
- Involves unclear role expectations, which makes people unsure about what to do or how to do it, creating stress and confusion
- Common in the adolescent years |
|
Role strain
|
- Combines role conflict and role ambiguity
- Feeling of frustration when a person feels inadequate |
|
Role overload
|
- Involves having more roles or responsibilities within a role than are manageable
- Unsuccessfully attempts to meet the demands of work while carving out some personal time |
|
Self Esteem Stressors
|
- Individuals with high self esteem are generally more resilient and are better able to cope with demands and stressors than those with low self esteem
- Perceived inability to meet parental expectations, harsh criticism, inconsistent discipline, and unresolved sibling rivalry reduce the level of self worth of children - Low self esteem and stressful life events in college age adolescents are potential predictors for suicidal thoughts - Stressors affecting the self esteem of an adult include failure in work and unsuccessful relationships |
|
Family Effect on Self Concept Development
|
- Child also gains accepted norms for thinking, feeling, and behaving from family member
- Some literature suggests that parents are most important influences on a child’s development - High parental support and parental monitoring are related to greater self esteem and lower risk behaviors - To reverse a client’s negative self-concept first assess the family’s style of relating |
|
Nurses Effect on Client’s Self Concept
|
- Nurse’s acceptance of a client with an altered self concept helps promote positive change
- Self awareness is critical in understanding and accepting others - A positive and matter of fact approach to care providers a model for the client and family to follow - Conveying genuine interest and acceptance - Nurses who put themselves in the client’s position, will incorporate measures to ease embarrassment, frustration, anger, and denial - Is essential to assess the client’s perception of a problem and to work collaboratively to resolve self concept issues |
|
Assessment
|
- First focus on each component of self concept (identity, body, image and role performance)
- Actual and potential self concept stressors and coping patterns - Nurses gather much of data regarding self concept through observation of client’s nonverbal behavior and by paying attention to the content of the client’s conversation - The way in which significant other talk about the client and the significant other’s nonverbal behaviors provide information about what kind of support is available for the client |
|
Client Expectations
|
- Person experiencing increased muscle tension, shakiness a sense of being “rattled” or restlessness
- Expresses a predominantly negative self appraisal, including inability to handle situations or events and difficulty making decisions - Key indicators of a client’s self concept are nonverbal behaviors |