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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the axial skeleton contains:
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1. Skull
2. Auditory Ossicles 3. Hyoid bone 4. Vertebral column 5. Rib Cage |
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Rib Cage
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24 ribs (12 pairs)
1 sternum costal cartilages connect ribs to sternum |
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Vertebral Column
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7 cervical vertebra
12 thoracic vertebra 5 lumbar vertebra 1 sacrum (4 or 5 fused bones) 1 Coccyx (3-5 fused bones) (tail bones) |
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Auditory ossicles
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2 malleus
2 incus 2 stapes present in middle ear chamber, serve to transmit sound impulses |
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Skull-facial parts
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2 maxilla
2 palatine 2 zygomatic 2 lacrimal 2 nasal 1 vomer 2 inferior nasal concha 1 mandible |
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skull-cranial
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1 frontal
2 parietal 1 occipital 2 temporal 1 sphenoid 1 ethmoid |
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appendicular skeleton contains
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1. pectoral girdle
2. upper extremites 3. pelvic girdle 4. lower extremities bones of upper and lower extremities and the bony girdles that anchor the appendages to the axial skeleton |
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pectoral girdle
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2 scapulae (shoulder blades)
2 clavicles (collar bones) 1 sternum primarily for attachment for muscles that move brachium (arm) and antebrachium (forearm) |
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lower extremities
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2 femur (thigh bone)
2 tibia (shin bone) 2 fibula (what mom broke) 2 patella (kneecap) 14 tarsal bones 10 metatarsal bones 28 phalanges (toes) |
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pelvic girdle
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2 ossa coxae (hip bones, also written os coxae)
1 sacrum supports weight of body through the vertebral column and protects the viscera within pelvic cavity |
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upper extremities
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2 humerus
2 radius 2 ulna 16 carpal bones 10 metacarpal bones 28 phalanges (finger bones) |
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functions of a bone
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1. support
2. protection 3. body movement 4. hemopiesis (blood cell formation) 5. fat storage 6. mineral storage |
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short bones
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cube-shaped transfer forces of movement
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long bones
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longer than they are wide, function as a lever
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flat bone
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broad surface for muscle attachment or protection of underlying organs
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sulcus*
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a grove that accomadates a vessel, nerve, or tendon*
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sinus*
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a cavity or hollow space in a bone*
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fossa*
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a flattened or shallow surface*
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foramen*
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a rounded opening through a bone*
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fissure*
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a narrow, slitlike opening*
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alveolus*
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a deep pit or socket*
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head*
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prominent, rounded articulating end of a bone*
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facet*
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a flattened or shallow articulating surface*
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crest*
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a narrow, ridglike projection*
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condyle*
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large, rounded, articulating knob*
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epicondyle*
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a projection adjacent to a condyle*
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process*
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any marked bony prominence*
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ramus*
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a flattened angular part of a bone*
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spine*
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a sharp, slender process*
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trochanter*
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a massive process found only on the femure*
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tubercle*
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a small rounded process*
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tuberosity*
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a large, roughened process*
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diploe
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in a flat bone of the skull, the spongy bone is sandwiched between the compact bone and is called...
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compact (dense) bone
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hard and dense bone tissue and is the protective exterior portion of bones
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spongy bone
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deep inside the compact bone and is porous
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Diaphyis
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long bone shaft
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medullary cavity
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a central cavity inside the diaphysis, contains yellow bone marrow
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endosteum
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thin layer of connective tissue lining the medullary cavity
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epiphysis
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each end of the diaphysis, consisting of spongy bone and compact bone, red bone marrow found in pores of spongy
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red bone marrow
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found in spongy pores, hemopoiesis occurs here, esp in sternum, vertebrae etc
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articular cartilage
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made of hyaline cartilage, camps epiphysis and facilitates joint movement
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nutrient foramina
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small openings into bone that allow nutrient vessels to pss for nurishment, along diaphysis
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epiphyseal plate
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reagion of mitotic activity aka bone growth (growth plate) located between epiphysis and diaphysis
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epiphyseal line
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replaces the the plate and final ossification occurs between diaphysis and epiphysis
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periosteum of dense regular tissue
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covers surface of bone (except articular cartilidge) used as a place for tendon-muscle attachment and is responsible for appositional bone growth-(incease in width)
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perforating fibers
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bundle of collagenous fiber, secures periosteum to bone
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osteogenic cells
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respond to trama (fracture)
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Osteoblasts
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bone forming cells
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osteocytes
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mature bone cells
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osteoclasts
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break down bone cells
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bone-lining cells
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derived fom osteoblasts along the surface
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trabeculae
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minute spikes of bone tissue, give spongy bone lattice like appearance
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osteons, or haversian systems
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cylindrical structures parallel to the long axis of bone
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lamellae
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concentric circles of the matrix of osteons, surround a central canal
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central canal
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center of lamellae, contains small nutrient vessels and a nerve
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lacuna
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osteocytes within spaces regularly arranged between lamelae.
(lake) |
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canaliculi
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channels connecting lacunae
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interstitial systems
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area between osteons (made up of remnants of osteons)
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perforating (volkmann's canals)
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connect osteons with blood vessels and nerves
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nasal fossae
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two chambers of the nasal cavity
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nasal septum
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bone and cartilidge which separate the nasal fossae
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fontanels
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membrandous sheets of connective tissue tha tcover the gaps between the developing bones
1 anterior 1 posterior 2 anterolateral 2 posterolateral |
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sutures
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extend the lengths of fontanel to fontanel
sagittal coronal lambdoid squamous |
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frontal bone
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forehead, roof of nasal cavity and superior arches of orbits (eyeballs)
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parietal bone
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2 form upper sides and roof of cranium
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temporal bone
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lower sides of the cranuim, adjoined to parietal bone by squamous suture
has four parts squamous-zygomatic process, zygomatic arch, and mandibular fossa(jaw joint) Tympanic-external acoustic meatus(ear canal) styloid process mastoid petrous |
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occipital bone
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posterior and most of base of scull
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foramen magnum
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large hole in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes to attach to the brain stem
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occipital condyles
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articulate with the first vertbra (atlas)
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sphenoid bone
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forms part of the anterior base of the cranium and inferiorly, looks like a moth
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body, greater wings, lesser wings, sphenoidal sinuses
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parts of the sphenoid bone
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sella turcica
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houses pituitary gland in sphenoid bone
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optic canal
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large opening in lesser wing (sphenoid bone) for optic nerve and opthalmic artery
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superior orbital fissure
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triangular opening between the wings of sphenoid bone for lots of nerves
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foramen ovale
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opening at the base of the alteral pterygoid plate, through which the mandibular nerve passes (sphenoid bone)
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foramen spinosum
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small opening at the base fo the lateral pyerygoid plate, through which the mandibular nerve passes (sphenoid bone)
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foramen lacerum
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opening between the sphenoid and petrous part of the temporal bone, arteries pass
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foramen rotundum
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opening just posterior to the superior orbital fissure, maxillary nerve passes here (sphenoid bone)(
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ethmod bone
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forms the roof tof the nasal cavity
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perpendicular plate
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plate in the middle, separates into two nasal channels
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nasal fossa
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each nasal channel
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ethmoid sinus
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lots of holes on each side of the perpendicular plate form this
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crista galli
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spine of perpendicular plate
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superior and middle nasal concha
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on each side fo the perpendicuar plate, have ethmoidal air cells
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cribriform plate
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perpendicular to the perpendicular plate, within hte floor of the cranium, contains many bririform foramina for nerves
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maxilla
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upper jaw
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palatine bone
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l shaped bone for form the posterior third dof the hard palate, part of the orbits, and part of hte nasal cavity
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zygomatic bone
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cheekbones
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lacrimal bone
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medial wall of each orbit
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nasal bone
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form th ebridge of the nose
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inferior nasal concha
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scroll like bones that project horizontally and medially from the lateral walss of hte nasal cavity
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vomer
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thin flattened bone that forms the lower part of hte nasal septum
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mandible
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jawbone
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hyoid bone
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doesn't attach to any other bone, located in the neck, supports the tongue
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auditory ossicles
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three small paired bones, located within the middle ear cavities
outer to inner: malleus, incus, stapes |
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vertebral column
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backbone
cervical thoracic lumbar sacral coccygeal |