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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Reinforcement |
The process in which the occurrence of a behavior is followed by an immediate consequence that results in the strengthening of the behavior happening in the future again. |
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Consequence |
Stimulus or event occurring immediately after a behavior |
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Operant Behavior |
A behavior that is strengthened through the process of reinforcement |
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Reinforcer |
The consequence that strengthens an operant behavior |
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Positive Reinforcement |
1.) Occurrence of a behavior, 2.) Is followed by the addition of a stimulus (a reinforcer) or an increase in the intensity of a stimulus, 3.) Results in the strengthening of the behavior. |
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Negative Reinforcement |
1.) Occurrence of a behavior,2.) Is followed by the removal of a stimulus (aversive stimulus) or a decrease in the intensity of a stimulus,3.) Results in the strengthening of the behavior. |
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Stimulus |
An object or event that can be detected by one of the senses, and this has the potential to influence the person |
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Social Reinforcement |
The process in which a behavior produces a reinforcing consequence through the actions of another person |
Examples: Pos.: ask roommate to bring you chips. Neg.: ask roomates to turn down the TV when it's too loud. |
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Automatic Reinforcement |
A process in which the behavior produces hey reinforcing consequence through direct contact with the physical environment. |
Example: Pos.: going down to the kitchen and getting the chips yourself Neg.: turn down the TV volume yourself |
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Premack Principle |
One type of positive reinforcement in which the opportunity to engage in a high probability behavior is made contingent on the occurrence of a low probability behavior to increase the low probability behavior |
Example: parents telling their kids they have to clean their room before they can go outside and play with friends |
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Escape Behavior |
The occurrence of the behavior results in the termination of an aversive stimulus that was already present when the behavior occurred |
A person steps barefoot on the hot asphalt and immediately stepped onto the grass. Stepping onto the grass results in the ______ from the heat and of the asphalt |
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Avoidance Behavior |
The occurrence of the behavior prevents and aversive stimulus from occurring. |
A person put on shoes the next time she walks on asphalt. Wearing shoes results in ______ of the heat from the hot asphalt. |
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Unconditioned reinforcer |
A stimulus that is naturally reinforcing because the capacity for our behavior to be strengthened by the stimulus has survival value. |
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Conditioned Reinforcer |
A stimulus that was once neutral but became established as a reinforcer by being paired with an unconditioned reinforcer or an already established conditioned reinforcer |
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Token |
A conditioned reinforcer is something that can be given to another person and accumulated by that person |
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Backup Reinforcer |
A client receives tokens for desirable behaviors and exchanges a specified number of tokens for any of a variety of this kind of reinforcer |
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Generalized conditioned reinforcer |
When a conditioned reinforcer is paired with a variety of other reinforcers |
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Response |
One instance or occurrence of a particular behavior |
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Contingency |
A stimulus is more effective as a reinforcer when it is delivered contingent on the behavior |
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Motivating Operation (MO) |
An antecedent stimulus or event that alters the value of a reinforcer in alters the probability of the behavior that produces that reinforcer |
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Establishing Operation (EO) |
Makes a reinforcer more potent |
It establishes the effectiveness of a reinforcer |
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Abolishing Operation (AO) |
Makes a reinforcer less potent |
It abolishing or decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer |
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Deprivation |
A type of establishing operations that increases the effectiveness of most unconditioned reinforcers and some conditions reinforces |
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Satiation |
When a person has recently consumed a large amount of a particular reinforcer or has had substantial exposure to a reinforcing stimulus |
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Immediacy |
A stimulus is more effective as a reinforcer when it is delivered immediately after the behavior |
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Schedule of reinforcement |
Specifies which responses will be followed by delivery of the reinforcer |
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Continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF) |
Every response is followed by the reinforcer |
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Intermittent reinforcement schedule |
Not every response is followed by the reinforcer |
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Acquisition |
The development of a new behavior through reinforcement |
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Maintenance |
Continuation of the behavior change for a long period after the termination of a behavior modification program |
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Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedule |
A reinforcer is delivered after a certain number of responses |
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Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule |
A reinforcer is delivered after an average of X responses |
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Fixed Interval (FI) Schedule |
Reinforcer delivered for the first response that occurs after a fixed of time |
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Variable Interval (VI) Schedule |
Reinforcer delivered for the first response that occurs after a variable interval of time |
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Concurrent schedules of reinforcement |
All of the schedules of reinforcement that are in effect for a person's behavior at one time |
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Concurrent operants |
A number of different behaviors or response options are concurrently available for the person |
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Response Effort |
The amount of force, exertion, or time involved in executing a response. |
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