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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psychology
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the study of the mind and the brain and behavior
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introspection
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subjective experience that requires a subject to inspect and report on the content of their thoughts.
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structuralism
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consciousness can be broken down to its basic underlying components
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gestalt theory
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the whole is different than the sum of its parts, you see the big picture of things
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psycho analysis
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patient and doctor work together to bring the unconscious to the conscious awareness
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behaviorism
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monitoring the observable environmental effects on behavior. nature/nuture
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cognitive psychology
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intelligence, thinking, language, memory, and decision making
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humanistic psychology
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looks for the best in people's psychological potential. emphasizes an individual's drive towards self-actualization
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nature/nurture debate
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discussing whether your personality is shaped by your biological predisposition or your environment.
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mind/body debate
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discussing whether your mind and body are separate
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goals of psychology
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to understand mental activity, social interactions and behavior.
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critical thinking
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evaluating information to reach reasonable conclusions
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Biological Level of Analysis
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how the body (including the brain) contributes to the mind and behavior
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Individual Level of Analysis
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focuses on individual differences in personalities.
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Social Level of Analysis
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how group contexts affect how people interact with one another
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Cultural Level of Analysis
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explores how people's thoughts are similar and different across cultures.
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BF Skinner
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took up mantle for behaviorism. studied by using reinforcement. wrote Beyond Freedom and Dignity
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William James
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physiologist and philosopher that argued the mind consisted of a "stream of consciousness" and could not be frozen in time and examined.
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Sigmund Freud
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developed psychoanalysis, introduced the idea of the unconscious.
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Wilhelm Wundt
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established the first psychology laboratory. developed introspection.
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Aaron T. Beck
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developed cognitive therapies to correct faulty thoughts/beliefs
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John B. Watson
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developed behaviorism and the nature/nurture method. he believed nurture.
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George A. Miller
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launched the cognitive revolution.
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Carl Rogers and Maslow
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pioneered a new movement of Humanistic Psychology
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Wertheimer
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formed the gestalt theory.
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Edward Titchner
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pioneered the school of structuralism. used introspection even after Wundt stopped.
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Plato
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believed certain kinds of knowledge are inborn.
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descriptive studies
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observing and noting behavior to analyze that behavior objectively
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correlational studies
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studies that examine how variables are naturally related in the real world.
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directionality problem
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a problem in correlational studies; cannot be determined which variable may have caused changes to the other variable
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third variable problem
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a problem that occurs when the researcher cannot directly manipulate variables.
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internal validity
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how much he data collected addresses the hypothesis in the way intended.
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reliability
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the extent to which a measure is stable and consistent over time in similar conditions.
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accuracy
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the extent to which an experimental measure is free from error.
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central tendency
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a measure that represents the typical response or the behavior of a group as a whole
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variability
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how widely dispersed a set of numbers are from each other and the mean.
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mean median mode
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How do you measure central tendency
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standard deviation
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How do you measure variability
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neuron
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the basic unit of the nervous system; cells that receive and transmit information in the nervous system.
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meninges
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the system of membranes surrounding the central nervous system.
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cerebral hemispheres
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"left and right" of the brain
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occipital lobe
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visual processing; back of the head
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temporal lobe
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language comprehension; in front of the ears (temples)
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parietal lobe
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attention span; top, rear of the head
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frontal lobe
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planning, memory search; front of the head.
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corpus callosum
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connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
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cerebral cortex
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the outer layer of brain tissue; forms the surface of the brain
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sulci/sulcus
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the valley of the wrinkles in the brain
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gyri/gyrus
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the ridge of the wrinkles in the brain
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