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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is chemical cycling? Energy flow? |
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What are Replication? Transcription? Translation? |
DNA -> DNA DNA -> RNA RNA -> Protein |
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What are the 4 Eukarya kingdoms? |
Plantae Fungi Animalia Protists |
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What is a more realistic model of the scientific process? |
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What is the fundamental unit of life? |
The cell |
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What are two mitigating circumstances surrounding a hypothesis? |
You can never prove a hypothesis is true A hypothesis must be testable |
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What is an experiment? |
A scientific test, carried out under controlled conditions |
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RNA is comprised of? |
Single helix 5-carbon Ribose Phosphate Nitrogenous Base Adenine Uracil Cytosine Guanine |
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What is inductive reasoning? |
A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations observation -> conclusion By observing, we conclude.... |
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Give examples of organelles |
Mitochondria Ribosome |
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What is an enzyme? What does it do? |
Acts as a catalyst to speed up reactions |
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Define the pathway by which plants make food and label each type of energy? |
Photosynthesis (light energy) V Sunlight + 6 H2O + 6 CO2 V C6H12O6 + 6O2 (glucose & oxygen) (chemical energy)(potential energy) V Heat (thermal energy)(kinetic energy) |
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What is biology? |
The scientific study of life |
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What is a prokaryotic cell? |
Lacks a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles |
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Define Theory |
Broad scope General enough to spin off many new specific hypothesis Generally supported by more evidence |
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How many chromosomes do humans have? |
23 pairs (46), except for sex cells - 23 (not pairs) |
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What is scientific inquiry? |
A search for information and explanations of natural phenomena |
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What is a proteome? |
The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells. |
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What is a eukaryotic cell? |
Contains membrane-enclosed organelles. Have DNA containing nucleus. |
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List the properties and processes associated with life. |
Order Energy Processing Evolutionary Adaptation Regulation Growth and Development Reproduction Response to Environment |
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What is proteomics? |
The study of sets of proteins and their properties |
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What do Ecosystems consist of? |
Living and nonliving things |
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What is genomics? |
The study of whole sets of genes (or other DNA) in one or more species |
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Are negative or positive feedback loops more common? |
Negative feedback loops are more common than positive feedback loops |
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What are classifications of life ("Linnaean" system) from broadest to narrowest? |
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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What is positive feedback? |
An end product speeds up its own production (clotting cascade, pregnancy) |
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What is a controlled experiment? |
Compares an experimental group with a control group |
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What is the independent variable? |
The manipulated factor in an experiment (controlled) |
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What does the Biosphere consist of? |
Air, land, water |
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Define evolution |
The process of change that has transformed life on earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today. |
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What are the building blocks of Proteins? Carbohydrates? Lipds? Nucleic acids? |
Amino acids Monosaccharides Glycerol and fatty acids Nucleotides |
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Why are protists unique among Eukarya? |
They are unicellular, all other Eukarya are multicellular |
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What are observations? |
The gathering of information |
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What is the unit of inheritance? |
Gene |
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What is the traditional scientific method? |
Observation qestion Hypothesis Prediction Test Result |
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What are the 3 things Darwin observed? |
Individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which are heritable More offspring are produced than survive, and competition is inevitable Species generally suit their environment |
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Bioinformatics is? |
The use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high-throughput methods. |
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What is gene expression? |
The process by which the information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product |
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How many genes does the Y-chromosome carry? The X-chromosome? |
Y- 78 X- Over 1000 |
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DNA & RNA have what 3 parts? |
Nitrogenous base 5 Carbon Phosphate |
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What do communities consist of? |
Living things |
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What do all cells have in common? |
Outer membrane DNA Properties of life |
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Egg + Sperm = ___1___ __1___ has how many chromosomes? __1___ -> ____ -> _____ (transformation |
Zygote - 46 (23 pair) chromosome Embryo Fetus |
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What is a gene? |
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA in some viruses) |
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What are unifying themes in biology? |
Organization Information Energy and Matter Interactions Evolution |
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What is negative feedback? |
A loop in which the response reduces the initial stimulus |
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What is data? |
Recorded observations |
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Define emergent properties |
New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases (includes both biological and nonbiological entities) |
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Deductive reasoning is? |
A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise. Observation <- Conclusion If A is true, we should see... |
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What do populations refer to? ____1___ Define __1___ |
Species Species- viable offspring |
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Define genome |
The entire "library" of genetic instructions that an organism inherits |
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What is systems biology? |
The exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts |
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What is the dependent variable? |
The factor measured in an experiment (controlled) |
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what is a hypothesis? |
A tentative answer to a well-framed question (solution/explanation not an educated guess) |
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DNA consists of? |
Double helix 5 Carbon Deoxyribose Phosphate Nitrogenous base Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine |
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Reductionism |
Reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study |
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What are the 3 domains? |
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya |
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Match: Eukaryotic Cell Animals Prokaryotic Cell Bacteria Plants Fungi Archaea Protist |
Eukaryotic Cell Plants Protist Animals Fungi Prokaryotic Cell Bacteria Archaea |
