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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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arachnoid membrane
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middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surronds the brain and spinal cord
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cerebellum
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coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance
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cerebrum
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largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory
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dura mater
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thick, outermost layer of the menings surronding snf protecting the brain and spinal cord
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hypothalmus
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portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleeps, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland
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menings
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three protective membranes that surround the brain adn spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
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nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves
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pons
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it is a bridge connecting various parts of the brain
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stroma
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connective and supporting tissue of an organ
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thalamus
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it conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum
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cerebell/o
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cerebellum
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cerebr/o
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cerebrum
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dur/o
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dura mater
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encephal/o
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brain
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gli/o
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glial cells
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lept/o
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thin, slender
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mening/o, meningi/o
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membranes, menings
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my/o
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muscle
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myel/o
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spinal cord ( means bone marrow in other contexts)
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neur/o
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nerve
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pont/o
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pons
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radicul/o
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nerve root ( of the spinal nerves)
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thalam/o
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thalamus
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thec/p
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sheath (refers to the meninges)
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vag/o
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vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)
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alges/o, -algesia
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excessive sensitivity to pain
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-algia
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pain
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caus/o
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burning
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comat/o
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deep sleep (coma)
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esthesi/o, -esthesia
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feeling, nervous sensation
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kines/o , kinesi/o, -kinesia, -kinesis, -kinetic
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movement
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-lepsy
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seizure
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lex/o
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word, phrase
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-paresis
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weakness
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-phasia
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speech
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-plegia
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paralysis (loss or impairment of the ability to move parts of the body)
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-praxia
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action
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-sthenia
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strength
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syncop/o
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to cut off, cut short
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tax/o
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order, coordination
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hydrocephalus
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abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain
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spina bifida
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congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defects)
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meningocele
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hernia in the meninges
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myelomeningocele
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herina in the meninges and spinal cord
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Alzheimer disease (AD)
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brain disorder marked by gradual and progessive mental deterioration (dementia), personally changes, and impairment of daily functioning
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epilepsy
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chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
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tonic-clonic seizures, or grand mal or ictal events
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massive seizures
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absense seizures or petit mal seizures
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small seizures
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multiple sclerosis (MS)
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destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue
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parkinson disease (parkinsonism)
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desgeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement (caused by a deficiency of dopamine
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Tourette syndrone (also called tics)
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involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate word
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herpes zoster (shingles)
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viral infection affecting peripheral nerves
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meningitis
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inflammation of the meniges; leptomeningitis; caused by a bacteria (pyogenic menigitis) or viruses (aseptic or viral meninigits) signs and symptoms are fever. and signs of meningeal irritation, such as headache, photophobia
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopthy
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brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS
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cerebral concussion
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temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury, usually clearing within 24 hours
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cerebral contusion
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bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head; neurologic deficits persist longer than 24 hours
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cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
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disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke; also known as cerebral infarction; three types of strokes: thrombotic, embolic, hemorrhagic
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thrombotic
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blood clot (thrombus) in the arteries; atherosclerosis leads to this common type of stroke
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embolic
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embolus (a dislodged thrombus) travels to cerebral arteries and occludes a small vessel
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hemorrhagic
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a blood vessel such as the cerebral artery, breaks and bleeding occurs
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absence seizure
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minor (petit mal) form of seizure, consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of surroundings
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gait
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manner of walking
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palliative
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relieving symptoms but not curing them
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tic
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involuntary movement of a small group of muscles as of the face; characteristic of Tourette syndrome
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tonic-clonic seizure
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major (grand mal ) convulsive seizure marked by sudden loss of consciousness, stiffing of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements
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cerebral angiography
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x-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessel in the brain after injection of contrast material
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computed tomography (CT) of the brain
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x-ray technique that generates computerized multiple images of the brain and spinal cord
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myelography
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x-ray imaging of the spinal canal after injection of contrast medium into the subarachonid space
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magnetic resonance imagining (MRI)
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magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord
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eletroencephalogrpahy
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recording of the electrical activity of the brain
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AD
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alzheimer disease
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CNS
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central nervous system
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CT
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computed tomography
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EEG
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electroencephalography
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MRI
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magnetic resonance imaging
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MS
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multiple sclerosis
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PNS
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peripheral nervous system
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hemi
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one side (right or left)
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para
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(upper or left)
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gray matter
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containing cell bodies and dendrites
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white matter
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containing nerve fiber tracts with myelin sheaths
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frontal lobe
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thought processes, behavior, personality, emotion
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temporal lobe
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hearing, understanding speech, language
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occipital lobe
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vision
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parietal lobe
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body sensations, visual and spatial perception
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