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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acetylcholine
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Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends (synapses) of nerve cells
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afferent nerves
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carry messages toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerves)
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arachnoid membrane
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Middle layer of the brain (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord
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astrocyte
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A type of glial (neurologic) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries
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autonomic nervous system
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Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs
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axon
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Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell
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blood-brain barrier
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Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain sunstances enter the brain tissue and keep other sunstances out
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brainstem
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Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. The pons and medulla oblongata are part of the brainstem
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cauda equina
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Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
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cell body
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Part of a nerve cell that contains the necleus
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central nervous system (CNS)
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Brain and spinal cord
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cerebellum
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Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movement and maintain balance
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cerebral cortex
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Outer region of the cerebrum; containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain
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cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
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Fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord
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cerebrum
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Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory
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cranial nerves
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Twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain
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dendrite
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Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse
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dura mater
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Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord
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efferent nerves
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Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerves
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ependymal cell
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A glial cell that lines membranes with the brain and spinal cord and helps forn cerebrospinal fluid
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ganglion
(plural: ganglia) |
Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
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glial cell
(neuroglial cell) |
Cell in the nervous system that is supportive and connective in function. Examples are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes
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gyrus
(plural: gyri) |
Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded fold on the surface of the cerebellum; convolution
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hypothalamus
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Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland.
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medulla oblongata
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Part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here
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meninges
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Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
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microglial cell
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Phogocyte glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous systems
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motor nerves
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Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent (ef [a form of ex-] = away) nerves
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myelin sheath
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White fatty tissue that surrounds, and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction alon axons
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What must the defendant in a duty of loyalty case show?
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1) disclosed the conflict to disinterested members of the BoD and or SH AND
2) Txn must meet the standard of fairness - same kind of deal that would have been negotiated in an arm's length txn by disinterested parties. |
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neuron
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Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body
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neurotransmitter
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Chemical messenger, released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell. Examples of transmitters are acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and seratonin.
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oligodendroglial cell
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Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons. Also called oligodendrocyte
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parasympathetic nerves
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Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscle of the gastrointestinal tract
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parenchyma
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Essential, distinguished tissue of the nervous system; includes the brain and spinal cord. This is to distinguish it from surrounding tissues such as meninges
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peripheral nervous system
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Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves
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pia mater
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Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
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plesus
(plural: plexuses) |
Large, interlacing network of nerves. Examples are lumbarsacral, cervical, and brachial (brachi/o means arms) plexuses.
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pons
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Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain. It is the bridge connecting various parts of the brain
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receptor
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Organ that receives a nervous stimulation and passes it on to nerves with the body. The skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors
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sciatic nerve
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Nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot. Sciatica is pain or inflammation along the course of the nerve
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sensory nerves
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Carry messages to the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent (af [a form of ad-] = toward) nerves
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spinal nerves
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Thiry-one pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord. Each spinal nerve affects a particular area of the skin
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stimulus
(plural: stimuli) |
Agent of change (light, sound, touch) in the internal or external enciroment that evokes a response
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stroma
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Connective and supporting tissue of an organ. Glial cells are the stromal tissue of the brain
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sulus
(plural: sulci) |
Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure
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sympathetic nerves
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Autonomic nerves that influence bodily fuctions involuntarily in times of stress
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synapse
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Space through which a nervous impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another or from a neuron to another cell, such as a muscle or gland cell
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thalamus
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Main relay center of the brain. It conducts impulses between the spinal cord and cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thalamus to appropriate centers of the cerebrum.
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vagus nerve
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Tenth cranial nerve; it branches reach to the larynx, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach.
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ventricles of the brain
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Canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid
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