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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Physiology is most accurately described as the study of ______. |
The study of the function of living organisms. |
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The largest organ of the body is ________. |
The skin (Page 229) |
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The appendages of the skin are: |
Hair, nails, sweat glands & oil glands. |
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The skin contains what percentage of the body's primary immune cells? |
1/2 (Page 229) |
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What does the skin protect against? |
Outside elements & microorganisms (Page 230) |
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What is the name of the barrier function of the skin? |
The acid mantle |
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The average pH of the acid mantle is _____. |
5.5 |
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TEWL means what? |
Transepidermal Water Loss |
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What is the intracellular cement between the epidermal cells? |
Lipids |
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Name the immune cells that protect us from foreign substances? |
Langerhans immune cells (Page 235)
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Sensory nerve fibers are most abundant where? |
Fingertips (Page 231) |
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The body's internal thermostat is ____. |
98.6 degrees (Page 231) |
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What glands excrete perspiration & detoxify the body? |
Sudoriferous (sweat glands Page 232) |
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Sebaceous (oil) glands _____. |
Softens skin, excrete sebum & protect from outside elements. |
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What does intracellular mean? |
Between the cells (Page 232) |
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Why is it important for estheticians to understand the function of each layer of the skin? |
So they can properly choose ingredients and treatment for clients. (Page 228) |
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Estheticians are licensed to work on _____. |
The epidermis only |
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95% of the epidermis is made up of ________. |
Keratinocytes (Page 234) |
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Which answer most accurately describes the stratum licidum layer? |
Clear cells (Page 235) |
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The average cell turnover rate for the skin cells on the epidermis is_____. |
28 days (Page 234) |
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Desquamation is _____. |
The shedding of the keratinocytes (Page 234) |
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Squamous cells are ______? |
Flat & Scaly (Page 234) |
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What is the layer of skin below the stratum corneum? |
Stratum Lucidum |
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Where is the skin the thickest? |
Palms of the hands & feet |
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Keratin & intracellular lipids are formed where? |
Stratum Granulosum |
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Which layer of the skin produces the melanin pigment? |
Stratum Germinativum (Page 235 - 236) |
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Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin? |
Stratum Germinativum (Page 236) |
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Which cells in the basal layer produce pigment granules? |
Melanocytes (Page 236) |
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The thickest layer of the skin is the _____. |
Dermis |
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What are the two layers of the dermis? |
Papillary & Reticular Layers (Page 231) |
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What aids in the production of collagen & elastin? |
Fibroblasts (Page 238) |
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The junction of the dermis and the epidermis is called the _____. |
Papillary layer (Page 239) |
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Stretch marks are caused by _____. |
Damaged Elastin Fibers (Page 239) |
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What is the primary cause of wrinkles? |
The loss of elastin |
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Subcutis tissue found below the reticular layer is _____. |
Adipose Tissue (Page 239) |
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Identify the one that is NOT a layer of the skin: |
Epithelial |
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If you have folliculites, you have _____. |
Ingrown Hairs |
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What fibers stimulate the arrector pili muscles? |
Motor efferent nerves (Page 242) |
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The difference in genetic skin color is due to _____. |
The amount of melanin activated in the skin. |
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The product that suppress melanin production is _______. |
Tyrosinase inhibitors (brightening agents, Page 237) |
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Apocrine glands are the most active when? |
During emotional changes (Page 243) |
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What do cells need in order to survive? |
Nourishment, protection, the ability to function properly and continual replacement or prolification. (Page 243) |
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What stimulates cell turnover? |
AHA - Alpha Hydroxy Acids |
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What are free radicals? |
Super-oxidizers |
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What is the greatest aging effect on the skin? |
UV rays |
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What is an indication of free radical damage? |
Red-inflamed skin |
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What is the acronym for burning rays? |
UVB rays |
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What percentage of aging is caused by the sun? |
80-85% |
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As estrogen depletes, skin begins to _____. |
Lose its tone |
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Estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy can come from _______. |
Plants & Animals |