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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biological |
23rd pair of chromosomes: XY or XX Female (XX) or Male (XY) Gonads (ovaries, testes) Gonadal hormones: Estrogens or androgens Internal reproductive structures External Genitalia Secondary sex characteristics (At Puberty) |
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Gender |
Cultural, Social, and Psychological Social construct Presentation of traits Masculine/Instrumental or feminine/expressive androgynous or undiffertiated also more currently: cisgender, transgender, non-binary, genderqueen, gender fluid, etc. |
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gonads and genitaliaEmbryonic ddevelopment of |
SRY gene > testes > androgens > male physiology female is default condition |
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Gender Differences in Regards to the Brain |
size of brain parts Functions of brain parts corresponding cognitive function Which part of brain involved in particular behaviors |
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Disorders of Sexual Development |
congenitally atypical chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical development questions of relation of DSD to gender development |
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Biological Accounts |
behavioral difference in newborns and infants |
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Evolutionary Accounts |
selection pressures for gendered behaviors competition for mate (usually by male) preferences/ choice for quality mate (usually by female) reproductive challenges: quality v. quantity |
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Social Cognitive Accounts |
experience influences sense of gender socialization (rewards, punichsments, modeling)) Gender schema (mental framework) |
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Social Role Theory |
division of labor natural differences become expected/valued differences Gender roles and gender stereotypes |
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Cognitive Differences |
math and science? Verbal performance (female advantage) visuospatial ability (male advantage) general intelligence (no advantage) social expectations and support vs. evolved role gender similarities hypothesis |
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Differences in Aggression |
overt aggression (physical/verbal harm) - males more than females Relational aggression (harm social standing) - females more than males |
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Differences in Sexuality |
females more selective in regards to casual sex males more often aroused, stronger sex drive, less fidelity women more likely to engage in bisexuality or be aroused by bisexual stimuli explanations: biological - genetic/hormonal differences Evolutionary - sexual selection Social cognitive -learned behavior social role - culturally constructed |
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Historical perspective |
two consistent sex differences emerge across cultures importance of Physical attraction men > women importance of financial status women > men Reality neither sex puts "good looks" or "economic status" at the top of their list 18 mate characteristics (Buss, Shackelford, Kirkpatrick, & larsen, 2001) good looks 8th on Men's List, 13th on Women's Economic Status 11th on Men's List, 13th on Women's Top of both list Mutual attraction Dependability Emotional Maturity Pleasing Disposition |
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Consistent Gender Differences |
many of these are consistent for both heterosexual and homosexual dyads |
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Relationships and commitment as a context for sex (Women>Men) |
Sexual Desire men - Goal is physical arousal, intercourse Women- Goal is Love, emotional intimacy Fantasies men - more frequently involve strangers women - more frequently involve their partners Sociosexual Orientation men more permissive than women; report more partners restrictedvs. unrestricted sexual fluidity / sexual orientation women report more sexual fluidity than men; more likely to identify "bisexual" Gender Similarities Hypothesis |
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Simularities to heterosexual population |
attitudes, psychological adjustment Coping with prejudice and Discrimination coming out stigman Relationships report greater satisfaction than heterosexuals more likely to end relationships than heterosexuality Family less likely to have children children of gay couples have not shown differences from other children |
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Sexual Oriantation |
Orientation is not influenced by: being reared by a gay parent, parenting style, childhood sexual experimentation sexual attraction, behavior, and/or sexual identity Focus of erotic and romantic interests; refers to more than just sexual behavior. > orientations are (often) in relation to, but not determined by gender (some) orientation: Hetero Homo bi queer asexual pansexual BDSM/Kink Polyamorous |
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Sexual Behavior |
Myths and Misconceptions Virginity Only activities involved in reproduction Penises and vaginas Reality arousal and sexual response usually intimate and personal activity and defined by the participants |
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Sexual Response Cycle |
Excitement Plateau Organsm Resolution/Male Refractory Period |
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Cognitive Factors in Sexual Behavior |
self-monitoring and self-regulation sexual scripts fantasy and imagery |
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Alternative (non-heteronomormative) Sexuality |
non-monogamy LGBQ Transgender BDSM/Kink |
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Paraphilias |
interestayptical sexual |
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Paraphiliac Disorder |
Feel personal distress about their interest, not merely distress resulting from society's disapproval; or have a sexual desire that involves another person's psychological distress, injury, or death, or a desire for sexual behaviors involving unwilling persons or persons unable to give legal consent. EX: Pedophilia Disorders of Sexual Desire/Response fenale dysfunction in arousal erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation |
