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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List and discuss the five homeostatic functions of bones
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Regulation of blood calcium levels: skeletal system serves as a store house for about 98% of body calcium reserves. Development of bone-osteogenesis, intramembraneous ossification, endochondral ossification
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Identify the six major structures of a typical long bone
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Diaphysis-main shaft like portion Epiphysis-proximal and distal ends of a long bone Articular cartilage-thin layer of hyaline Periosteum-dense white fibrous membrane Medullary cavity-tube-like hollow space Endosteum-thin fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity of long bones |
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Parts of a flat bone
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Have hard walls called internal and external tables (between is a region called the diploe cancellous bone) covered in periosteum and inner spaces are lined with endosteum. Flat bones (i.e. sternum) contain red marrow
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Cancellous Bone
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Trabeculae, supports red bone marrow (myeloid tissue), internal support for the bone and has reticular tissue
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Compact Bone
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Forms hard shell of bone, Haversian system, lacunae, lamellae
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Identify the two main subdivisions of the skeleton and the primary subdivisions of the axial skeleton
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Axial skeleton-80 bones-cranium, face, ear bones, hyoid bone, vertebral bones, sternum and ribs Appendicular skeleton-126 bones upper and lower extremities legs, arms, clavicle etc |
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List the sutures and fontanels of the skull
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Coronal suture-border with the frontal bone, Lamboidal suture-border with the occipital bone, Squamos suture-borders with the temporal bones, Sagittal suture-borders between the 2 parietal bones Fontanel- is the soft spot in infants |
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Discuss the clinical significance of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
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Cribriform plate-olfactory nerve pass through numerous holes (horizontal plate) Ethmoid Bone-forms the anterior cranial floor, medial orbital wall, upper parts of the nasal septum and sidewall of the nasal cavity |
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List the primary subdivisions of the appendicular skeleton
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Upper extremities-shoulder girdle, humerus, ulna, radius, carpal bones, metacarpals Lower extremities-pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia, fibula,foot |
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List the bony structures of the shoulder
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Clavicle and Scapula
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Discuss the structures and functions of the thigh and leg
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Thigh bone (femur)-longest and heaviest bone in the body Tibia-larger, stronger and more medially and superficially located of the two long bones Fibula-the smaller, more laterally located and deeply placed of the two leg bones |
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Identify the hyoid bone
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Does not articulate with any other bony structure, part of axial skeleton and is U shaped, and is above the larnyx
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Name the regions of the vertebral column and give the number of vertebrae in each segment
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Cervical vertebrae-has 7 bones Thoracic vertebrae-has 12 bones Lumbar vertebrae-has 5 bones Sacrum has 1 bone Coccyx has 1 bone |
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Discuss the bony components of the rib cage, or chest
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Jugular notch, manubrium, body of sternum, xiphoid process
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Discuss disorders of the axial skeleton and the three primary types of abnormal vertebral curvatures
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Lordosis-"Sway back" often seen during pregnancy, abnormally accentuated Kyphosis-"hunchback" increased roundness in the thoracic curvature, often seen in elderly people Scoliosis-Abnormal side to side curvature |
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Discuss the structures and functions of the arm, forearm, hand
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Arm-humerus-long bone that articulates proximally with the scapula and distally with radius and ulna Forearm-Radius on thumb side, ulna on little finger side Hand-has 8 carpal bones, pisiform bone is an example of a sesamoid bone, thumb bone is the most movable joint |
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List the bony components of the pelvic girdle
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Pelvic Girdle-stable circular base that supports the trunk and attaches lower extremities Ilium-largest, uppermost bone Ischium-strongest and lowermost Pubis-most anteriorly placed |
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List the skeletal differences between men and women
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General differences (size and weight) Men-larger and heavier, male pelvis is deep and funnel shaped w/ a narrow subpubic angel, males have larger skulls w/ more pronounced features Women-have more rounded mandibles, pelvis is shallow, broad and flaring |
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Coronal Suture
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Sagittal Suture
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Squamos Suture
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Lamboidal Suture
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Frontal Cranial Bone
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Parietal Cranial Bone
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Occipital Cranial Bone
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Occipital Condyle
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Foramen Magnum
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Jugular Foramen
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Temporal Cranial Bone
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Temporal Cranial Bone
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Zygomatic Process
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Zygomatic Process
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Mastoid Process
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Mastoid Process
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External Auditory (Acoustic) Meatus
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External Auditory (Acoustic) Meatus
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Internal Auditory (Acoustic) Meatus
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Internal Auditory (Acoustic) Meatus
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Carotid Canal
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Sphenoid Cranial Bone
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Sphenoid Cranial Bone
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Sphenoid Cranial Bone
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Sphenoid Cranial Bone
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Sella Turcica
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Sella Turcica
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Ethmoid Cranial Bone
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Ethmoid Cranial Bone
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Crista Galli
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Crista Galli
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Cribiform Plate
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Cribiform Plate
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Nasal Bone
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Maxilla Bone
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Maxilla Bone
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Maxilla Bone
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Palatine Process
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Palatine Process
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Lacrimal Bone
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Vomer Bone
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Vomer Bone
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Inferior Nasal Conchae Bone
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Palatine Bone
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mandible
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Ramus of the Mandible
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Mental Foramen
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Zygomatic Bone
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Zygomatic Bone
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Hyoid Bone
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True ribs
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False Ribs
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floating ribs
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Sternum
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Manubrium
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Body of the Sternum
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Xiphoid Process
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Jugular or Clavicular Notch
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Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7)
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Atlas (C1)
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Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)
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Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)
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Sacrum (made of sacral fused Vertebrae S1-S5)
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Coccyx (Made of Coccygeal Fused Vertebrae Co1-Co4)
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