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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
boiling-point elevation
|
the difference between the boiling point of a pure
solvent and a nonelectrolyte of that solvent, directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution |
|
colligative properties
|
properties that depend on the concentration of solute
particles but not on their identity |
|
dissociation
|
the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound
dissolves |
|
freezing-point depression
|
the difference between the freezing points of a pure
solvent and a solution of a nonelectrolyte in that solvent; is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution |
|
hydronium ion
|
the H3O+ ion
|
|
ionization
|
the formation of ions from solute molecules by the action of the
solvent |
|
molal boiling-point constant
|
the boiling-point elevation of a solvent in a
1-molal solution of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute |
|
molal freezing-point constant
|
the freezing-point depression of the solvent in
a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute |
|
net ionic equation
|
an equation that includes only those compounds and ions
that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution |
|
nonvolatile substance
|
a substance that has little tendency to become a gas
under existing conditions |
|
osmosis
|
the movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the
side of lower solute concentration to the side of higher solute concentration |
|
osmotic pressure
|
the external pressure that must be applied to stop
osmosis |
|
semipermeable membrane
|
a membrane that allows the movement of some
particles while blocking the movement of others |
|
spectator ion
|
an ion that does not take part in a chemical reaction and is found
in solution both before and after the reaction |
|
strong electrolyte
|
any compound of which all or almost all of the dissolved
compound exists as ions in aqueous solution |
|
weak electrolyte
|
a compound of which a relatively small amount of the
dissolved compound exists as ions in an aqueous solution |