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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
personality
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all the consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others, especially in social situations
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psychodynamic theory
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relates personality to the interplay of conflicting forces within the individual, including unconscious ones
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catharsis
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release of pent-up emotional tension
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psychoanalysis
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his method of explaining and dealing with personality, based on the interplay of conscious and unconscious forces
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unconscious
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the repository of memories, emotions and thoughts, many of them illogical, that effect our behavior even though we cannot talk about them
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Oedipus complex
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when he develops a sexual interest in his mother and competitive aggression toward his father
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psychosexual pleasure
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all strong, pleasant excitement arising from body stimulation
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libido (means "desire")
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psychosexual energy
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fixated
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continues to be preoccupied with the pleasure area associated with that stage
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oral stage
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infant derives intense psychosexual pleasure from stimulation of the mouth, particularly sucking at the mother's breast
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anal stage
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they get psychosexual pleasure from the sensations of bowe movements
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phallic stage
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children begin to play with their genitals
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latent period
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they suppress their psychosexual interest
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genital stage
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young people take a strong sexual interest in other people
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id
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consists of all our biological drives, such as sex and hunger, that demand immediate gratification
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ego
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rational, decision-making aspect of the personality
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superego
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contains memory of rules and prohibitions we learned from out parent and the rest of society
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defense mechanisms
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the ego defends itself against conflicts and anxieties by relegating unpleasant thoughts and impulses to the unconscious
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repression
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motivated forgetting
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denial
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refusal to believe information that provokes anxiety
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rationalization
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attempt to prove that their actions are rational and justifiable and thus worthy of approval
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displacement
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diverting a behavior or thought away from its natural target toward a less threatening target
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regression
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return to a more immature level of functioning
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projection
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attribution of one's own undesirable characteristics to other people's
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reaction formation
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present themselves as the opposite of what they really are to hide the unpleasant truth either from themselves or others
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sublimation
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transformation of sexual or aggressive energies into culturally acceptable, even admirable, behaviors
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neo-Freudians
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remained faithful to parts of Freud's theory while modifying other parts
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collective unconscious
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present at birth, represents the cumulative experience of preceding generations
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archetypes
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vague images that we inherited from the experiences of our ancestors
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individual psychology
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indivisible psychology and psychology of the person as a whole rather than a psychology of parts
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inferiority complex
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exaggerated feeling of weakness, inadequacy and helplessness
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striving for superiority
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desire to seek personal excellence and fulfillment
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style of life
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master plan for achieving a sense of superiority
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social interest
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sense of solidarity and identification with other people
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gender role
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pattern of behavior that a person is expected to follow because of being male or female
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humanistic psychology
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deals with consciousness, values, and abstract beliefs, including spiritual experiences and the beliefs that people like and die for
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self-actualization
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achievement of one's full potential
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self-concept
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image of what they really are
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ideal self
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an image of what they would like to be
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unconditional positive regard
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the complete, unqualified acceptance of another person as he or she is
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conditional positive regard
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the attitude that "I shall like you only if..."
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self-actualization
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fulfillment of an individual's potential
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nomothetic approach
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seeks general laws about various aspects of personality
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extraversion
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tendency to seek stimulation and to enjoy the company of other people; the more likely that person will introduce him/herself to a stranger
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idiographic approach
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intensive studies of indivuals
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trait
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consistent, long-lasting tendency in behavior, such as shyness
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state
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temporary activation of a particular behavior
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trait approach to personality
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people have consistent characteristics in their behavior
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belief in a just world
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maintain that life is fair and people usually get what they deserve
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big five personality traits
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neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to new experience
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neuroticism
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tendency to experience unpleasant emotions frequently
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emotionaol stability
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the mirror image of neuroticism
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agreeableness
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tendency to show self-discipline, to be dutiful and to strive for achievement and competence
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harm
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avoidance, anxiety proneness
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unshared environment
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aspects of environment that differ from 1 individual to another, even within a family
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Barnum effect
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tendency to accept vague descriptions of our personality
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standardized test
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one that is administered according to rules that specify how to interpret the results
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
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true-false questions intended to measure certain personality dimensions and clinical conditions such as depression, 550 items
- the second edition has 567 items |
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empirically
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based on evidence rather than theory
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projective techniques
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designed to encourage people to project their personality characteristics onto ambiguous stimuli
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Rorschach Inkblots
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projective technique based on people's interpretations of 10 ambiguous inkblots
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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person is asked to make up a story for each picture, describing what events led up to this scene, what is happening now and what will happen in the future
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