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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define gonads |
organ that produces reproductive cells (ovary and testis) |
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Sex hormones are |
the chemical compounds that control the development and function of the reproductive system |
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Primary sex characteristics |
any structure that plays a direct role in reproduction (organ,duct,gland) |
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Secondary sex characteristics
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any of the physical manifestations that distinguish male from female but are not required for reproduction (ex: female breasts, differences in muscularity, distribution of fat) |
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Pouch of skin that holds the testes |
scrotum |
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What regulates the temperature of the testes? |
the scrotum |
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At what temperature is sperm production most successful ? |
35 C |
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What are seminiferous tubules? |
long, coiled tube inside the testes in which sperm are produced |
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What lies between the seminiferous tubules?
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interstitial cells |
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Interstitial cells secrete |
testosterone |
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Seminiferous tubules is where the production of _______ occurs |
sperm |
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Three parts of a sperm cell |
oval head, cylindrical middle piece and extended tail |
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What does the head of the sperm contain ? |
nucleus with 23 chromosomes that is covered by the acrosome -- acrosome contains enzymes needed to penetrate the protective layer of the egg |
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What does the middle piece of the sperm contain? |
mitchondria that provides energy for movement |
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Developing sperm are supported and nourished by ______________ located in the _______________ ____________ |
Sertoli cell, seminiferous tubules |
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From each testis sperm are transported to a nearby duct called the _____________, within this duct the sperm _________ and become motile |
epididymis, mature |
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The epididymus is connected to a storage duct called the __________ which leads to the penis via the ________ _________ |
ductus deferens , ejaculatory duct |
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foreskin protects the |
glanis penis |
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Define epididymus |
narrow tightly coiled tube connecting seminiferous tubules to the ductus deferens |
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Define seminal vesicle |
gland behind the bladder that is connected to the ductus deferns and produces a fluid containing fructose which provides energy for the sperm |
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Define prostate gland |
mass of glandular tissue at the base of the urethra that secretes alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids from urine in the urethra |
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Define Cowper's gland |
gland that secretes mucus-like fluids into urethra |
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Mixture of sperm and fluids is |
semen |
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Urethra is shared by the ________ and __________ reproductive systems and is a duct that carries ..... |
reproductive and urinary, carries fluid out of the penis |
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Two female gonads |
ovaries |
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Do both ovaries work at the same time ? |
No they alternate so that only one produces an egg each month |
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Define follicle |
Specialized cell structure within ovaries, each contains an ovum that will be released |
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Summarize ovulation (3) |
- Single ovum develops within each cell - Single follicle matures and then ruptures - releases ovum into oviduct |
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How does the ovum reach the oviduct? |
Fimbriae continually sweep over the ovary, and sweep the ovum into the oviduct |
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What carries the ovum to the uterus? |
Oviduct, beating cilia create a current that moves the ovum toward the uterus |
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Define uterus |
muscular organ that holds and nourishes a developing fetus |
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Lining of the uterus is called the |
endometrium |
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The endometrium is richly supplied with |
blood vessels to provide nutrients for the fetus |
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Cervix is the |
narrow opening of the uterus that connects to the vagina |
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How long does the ovum survive in the oviduct? |
24 hours |
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If the egg is fertilized ....... |
fertilized egg (now called zygote) moves through oviduct into uterus, during this time the endometrium thickens and prepares to receive the zygote |
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If the egg is not fertilized ....... |
endometrium disintegrates and its tissues and blood flow out of the vagina (mensturation) |
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oviducts are also known as |
fallopian tubes |