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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Spinal Column |
Provides a pivot point for morion and support of the head at the cervical region |
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2 parts of skull |
Cranium; protective cavity for brain Facial skeleton |
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1. Curves of cervical/lumbar 2. Curves of thoracic/sacral |
1. Concave posteriorly 2. Convex posteriorly |
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What is a facet? |
A facet is a small, smooth, flat surface on a bone |
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What is a facet joint? |
The articulation between the superior articular process of the vertebra below with the inferior articulator process of the vertebra above |
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Describe a typical intervertebral articulation |
Composed of cartilaginous joints (intervertebral disc) and plane-shaped joints (facet joints) |
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Describe the planes and axis of the vertebral column |
As a whole is triaxial Flexion/extension/hyper - Sagittal plane, fronts axis Lateral bending - frontal plane, sagittal axis Rotation - transverse plane, vertical axis |
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What is the atlantooccipital (AO) joint? |
The articulation between the left and right occipital condyles articulating with the superior articular facets of C1 (atlas) Motion: Flexion/extension |
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What is the atlantoaxial (AA) joint? |
The articulation between atlas (C1) & axial (C2) |
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What are the 2 linear motions of spine? |
1. head flexing on C1 (AO) while neck is extending - cervical retraction 2. Extending head on C1, while neck is flexing - cervical protraction |
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Describe: vertebral body |
Being primarily a cylindrical mass of cancellous bone, it is the anterior potion of the vertebrae and the major weight-bearing structure |
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Describe: vertebral body |
Being primarily a cylindrical mass of cancellous bone, it is the anterior potion of the vertebrae and the major weight-bearing structure |
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Describe: Neural Arch |
(Vertebral arch) is the posterior portion of the vertebrae, comprised by many different parts |
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Describe: vertebral body |
Being primarily a cylindrical mass of cancellous bone, it is the anterior potion of the vertebrae and the major weight-bearing structure |
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Describe: Neural Arch |
(Vertebral arch) is the posterior portion of the vertebrae, comprised by many different parts |
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Describe: vertebral foramen |
The opening formed by the joining of the body and the vertebral arch which the spinal cord passes through |
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Describe: pedicle |
Position of the vertebral arch just posterior to the body and anterior to the laminae |
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Describe: lamina |
Posterior portion of vertebral arch that unites from each side in the midline |
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Describe: transverse process |
Formed at the union of pedicle and lamina, the lateral portion projections of the arch to which muscles and ligaments attach |
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Describe: vertebral notches |
Depressions located on the superior and inferior surfaces of pedicle |
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Describe: intervertebral foramen |
Opening formed by inferior notch of the vertebra above and the superior notch of the vertebra below |
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Describe: articular process |
Projecting superiorly and inferiorly off the posterior portion of the lamina. Superior articular process face posteriorly and medially, inferior articular processes face anteriorly and laterally |
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Describe: Spinous processes |
The most posterior projections of the neural arch, located at the junction of both laminae. Serves as a point of attachment for many muscles and ligaments |
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Describe: annulus fibrosus |
The outer portion of intervertebral disc; consists of several concentrically arranged fibrocartilagenous rings that serve to contain the nucleus pulposus |
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Describe: annulus fibrosus |
The outer portion of intervertebral disc; consists of several concentrically arranged fibrocartilagenous rings that serve to contain the nucleus pulposus |
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Describe: nucleus pulposus |
Pulpy, gelatinous center of intervertebral disc |
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Anterior AO membrane |
Anterior AO membrane is an extension of the anterior longitudinal ligament |
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Tectorial membrane |
Tectorial membrane is an extension of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Attached to occipital bone, acts as a sling for spinal cord as it enters the vertebra column |
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What are the 3 atlantoaxial joints |
1. The median atlantoaxial joint consists of a synovial articulation between odontoid process of the axis and anterior arch of atlas anteriorly and transverse ligament posteriorly 2. The 2 lateral atlantoaxial joints are between the articular process of C1 and C2 vertebrae |
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What are the 3 atlantoaxial joints |
1. The median atlantoaxial joint consists of a synovial articulation between odontoid process of the axis and anterior arch of atlas anteriorly and transverse ligament posteriorly 2. The 2 lateral atlantoaxial joints are between the articular process of C1 and C2 vertebrae |
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Describe: transverse ligament |
Runs from lateral mass on each side of atlas, divides atlas into an anterior and posterior compartment |
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What muscles comprise the pre-vertebral muscles |
Longus colli - flexes beck, ipsilateral sidebending Longus capitis - flexes head and upper neck Rectus capitis anterior - flexes head, stabilizes AO joint Rectus capitis laterals- ipsilateral sidebend, stabilize AO joint |
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What are the suprahyoid bones? |
Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric Raises hyoid bone and/or tongue |
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What are the suprahyoid bones? |
Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric Raises hyoid bone and/or tongue |
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What are the infrahyoid muscles? |
Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid Lower hyoid bone |
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What muscles flex the neck |
Sternoclediomastoid |
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What muscles flex the neck |
Sternoclediomastoid |
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What muscles extend the neck? |
Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, erector spinae, transversospinalis, interspinales |
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What muscles flex the neck |
Sternoclediomastoid |
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What muscles extend the neck? |
Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, erector spinae, transversospinalis, interspinales |
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What muscles laterally bend the neck? |
Sternocleidomastoid, Splenius cervicis, Splenius capitis, scalenes, intertransversarii, erector spinae |
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What muscles ipsilaterally rotate the neck? |
Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis |
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What muscles Contralaterally rotate the neck? |
Sternocleidomastoid, transversospinalis |
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What muscles Contralaterally rotate the neck? |
Sternocleidomastoid, transversospinalis |
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What are the transversospinalis muscles? |
Semispinalis thoracis, rotatores, multifidus |
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What muscles flex the trunk? |
Rectus abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique |
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What muscles flex the trunk? |
Rectus abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique |
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What muscles extend the trunk? |
Erector spinae, transversospinalis (rotatores, multifidus, semispinalis), interspinales |
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What muscles flex the trunk? |
Rectus abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique |
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What muscles extend the trunk? |
Erector spinae, transversospinalis (rotatores, multifidus, semispinalis), interspinales |
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What muscles laterally bend the trunk? |
Quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, internal oblique, external oblique, intertransversarii |
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What muscles flex the trunk? |
Rectus abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique |
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What muscles extend the trunk? |
Erector spinae, transversospinalis (rotatores, multifidus, semispinalis), interspinales |
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What muscles laterally bend the trunk? |
Quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, internal oblique, external oblique, intertransversarii |
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What muscles ipsilaterally rotate the trunk? |
Internal oblique |
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What muscles flex the trunk? |
Rectus abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique |
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What muscles extend the trunk? |
Erector spinae, transversospinalis (rotatores, multifidus, semispinalis), interspinales |
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What muscles laterally bend the trunk? |
Quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, internal oblique, external oblique, intertransversarii |
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What muscles ipsilaterally rotate the trunk? |
Internal oblique |
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Which muscles contralaterally rotate the trunk? |
External obliques, transversospinalis (semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, rotatores), |
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What muscles flex the trunk? |
Rectus abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique |
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What muscles extend the trunk? |
Erector spinae, transversospinalis (rotatores, multifidus, semispinalis), interspinales |
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What muscles laterally bend the trunk? |
Quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, internal oblique, external oblique, intertransversarii |
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What muscles ipsilaterally rotate the trunk? |
Internal oblique |
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Which muscles contralaterally rotate the trunk? |
External obliques, transversospinalis (semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, rotatores), |
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Which muscles compress the abdomen? |
Rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique |
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Which muscles make up Erector Spinae? |
Spinalis, iliocostalis, longissimus |
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What are the muscles of the anterior neck? |
Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior), longis colli, longis capitis, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis |
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What are the muscles of the anterior neck? |
Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior), longis colli, longis capitis, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis |
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What Muscles are in the posterior neck? |
Erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis), Splenius cervicis, Splenius capitis, suboccipital group (obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor) |
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What are the muscles of the anterior neck? |
Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior), longis colli, longis capitis, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis |
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What Muscles are in the posterior neck? |
Erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis), Splenius cervicis, Splenius capitis, suboccipital group (obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor) |
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What muscles are in anterior trunk? |
Rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, transverse abdominis |
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What are the muscles of the anterior neck? |
Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior), longis colli, longis capitis, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis |
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What Muscles are in the posterior neck? |
Erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis), Splenius cervicis, Splenius capitis, suboccipital group (obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor) |
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What muscles are in anterior trunk? |
Rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, transverse abdominis |
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What muscles are in the posterior trunk? |
Erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis), transversospinalis group (semispinalis thoarcis, rotatores, multifidus), intertransversarii, interspinales |
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What are the muscles of the anterior neck? |
Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior), longis colli, longis capitis, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis |
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What Muscles are in the posterior neck? |
Erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis), Splenius cervicis, Splenius capitis, suboccipital group (obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor) |
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What muscles are in anterior trunk? |
Rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, transverse abdominis |
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What muscles are in the posterior trunk? |
Erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis), transversospinalis group (semispinalis thoarcis, rotatores, multifidus), intertransversarii, interspinales |
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What are the muscles in the later trunk? |
Quadratus lumborum |
