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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Uterine cycle |
Cyclic changes of the endometrium About 28 days in length Ovulation occurs midways throughly on day 14 |
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Stages of menstrual cycle |
Menstrual phase Proliferative stage Secretory stage |
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Menstrual phase |
Days 1-5 Endometrium is sloughed Bleeding occurs for 3-5 days Day five ovarian follicles are producing more estrogen |
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Proliferative stage |
Days 6-14 Regeneration of endometrium Estrogen levels rise Ovulation occurs at the end of this stage |
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Secretory stage |
Days 15-28 Levels of progesterone rise and increase blood supply Endometrium increases in size and readies for implantation |
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If fertilization occurs |
Embryo produces a hormone that causes the corpus luteum to continue producing its hormones |
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If fertilization does not occur |
Corpus luteum degenerates as LH blood levels decline |
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Hormones produced by the ovaries |
Estrogens Progesterone |
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Estrogens |
Produced by follicle cells Causes secondary sex characteristics |
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Progesterone |
Produced by the corpus luteum Production continues until LH diminishes in the blood Helps maintain pregnancy Helps prepare breasts for milk production |
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Mammary glands |
Present in both sexes but only function in females Produce milk Stimulated by mostly estrogens to increase in size |
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Mammography |
X-ray examination that detects breast cancer Recommended every two years for women over 40 |
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Stages of pregnancy and development |
Fertilization Embryonic development Fetal development Childbirth |
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Fertilization |
The oocyte is viable for 12-24 hours after ovulation Sperm are viable for 24-48 hours after ejaculation |
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For fertilization to occur |
Sexual intercourse must occur no more than 2 days before ovulation and no later than 24 hours after Sperm cells just make their way to the uterine tube for fertilization to be possible |
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Zygote |
First cell of a new individual The result of the fusion of dna from sperm and egg |
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Cleathevage |
Rapid series of motorized divisions that begins with the zygote and ends with the blastocysts Zygote begins to divide 24 hours after fertilization Late blastocyst stage- embryo implants in endometrium 7 days after ovulation |
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The embryo |
The embryo first undergoes division without growth |
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Blastocyst (chorionic vesicle) fun |
Ball like circle of cells Begins at about the 100 cell stage |
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Functions of the placenta |
Forms a blood barrier between mother and embryo (blood is not exchanged) Delivers nutrients and oxygen Removed waste from embryonic blood |
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Fetus (9th week) |
All organ systems are formed by the end of the 8th week Activities of the fetus are growth and organ specialization A stage of tremendous growth and change in appearance |
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Pregnancy |
Period from conception until birth |
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Anatomical changes during pregnancy |
Enlargement of the uterus Accentuated lumbar curvature (lordosis) Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis due to production of relaxin |
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Physiological changes laborb |
Morning sickness Heartburn Constipation More urine produced Incontinence Nasal mucosa become congested and swollen Respiratory rate increase Dyspnea Blood pressure and pulse increase Varicose veins |
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Labor |
The series of events that expel the infant from the uterus |
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Initiation of labor |
Estrogen levels rise Contractions begin Placenta releases prostaglandins Oxytocin is released |
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Dilation |
Cervix becomes dilated Full dilation is 10 cm |
