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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an orphan drug?
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a less profitable, government funded drug that is used to treat rare diseases.
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Drug Names:
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Chemical
Generic Official Trade |
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Chemical Drug Name
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Abbreviated chemicla make up of the drug. Chemical derscription of the composition.
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Generic Drug Name
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Common name; abbreviated form of the chemicla name.
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Official Drug Name
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Has the initials USP after the name
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Trade Drug Name
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Brand name
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Drugs come from certain souces, what are they?
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Plant
Animal/Human Mineral Microorganisms Lab/Man Made |
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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1906
Protection from mislabled medicines and false claims Restriction on abusive drugs |
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Sherley Amendment
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1912
Protection from false claims |
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Harrison Narcotic Act
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1914
Control of narcotics |
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Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
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1938
ingredients had to be listed and product tested |
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Durham-Humphrey Amendement
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1952
Changed 1938 Food, Drug,and Cosmetic Act Legend must bear warnings |
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Kefauver-Harris Amendment
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1962
Drug had to be proven of its claims |
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Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
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1970
Established the Schedule I- IV |
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Schedule I Drug
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high abuse potential with no accepted medical purpose
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Schedule II Drugs
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High abuse potential but, has some accepted medical purposes
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Schedule III Drugs
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Less potential of abuse and moderate to low dependence
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Schedule IV Drugs
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Lowest abuse potential
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Category A Drugs
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No risk during pregnancy
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Category B Drugs
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No Risk but no test provided
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Category C Drugs
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Some risk
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Category D
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Some Risk and some test have been provided
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Category X
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Fetal Risk Proven; can not be taken
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Agonist
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a drug that interacts with a receptor to stimulate a response
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Antaonist
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attaches to a receptor but does not stimulate a response
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Pharmaceutics
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science of dispensing drugs
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Dissolution
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refers to the rate at which a solid drug goes into solution after ingestion
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3 phases of drug activity
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Pharamceutical Phase
Pharmacokinetic Phase Pharmacodynamic Phase |
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Pharmaceutical Phase
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dispensing and dissolution of drugs
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Phramacokinetic Phase consists of
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absorption
distrubtion biotransformation excretion |
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Absorption
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movement of drug from entry site to the general circulation
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Absorption is affected by
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The absorption surface of the surface, bloodflow to the site, solubility of the drug, ph of the drug's environment, drug concentration, form of the drug dosage
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Distribution
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drug traveling thru the blood stream or general circulation to various tissues and or target organ
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Distribution is affected by
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Permeability of capillaries to drug molecules
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Biotransformation
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The chemicla is coverted to a metabolite; it's the 1st processs of elimination; liver is the primary organ (or detox center)
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Excretion
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elimination of the drug
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Pharmacodynamic
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study of how grugs act within living organisms
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Pharmacodynamic Phase
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drug receptor interaction, drug response assessment, biological half life
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Routes of Drug Administration
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Enteral, Parenteral, Pulmonary, Topical
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Enteral Routes
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Orally, Sublingual, buccal, rectally, nasogastric tube
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Parenteral Routes
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Subcutaneous, Intramuscular, Intravenous, Intradermal, Intraosseous, Endotracheal
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Drug Reserviors
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drug accumulation
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Two processes that cause drug reserviors
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plasma protein binding and tissue binding
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Factors that influence a drug's action
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age, body mass, gender, environment, time of administration, pathological state (illness/injury), gentic, psyhchological factors
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Biological 1/2 Life
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the time it takes to metabolize/eliminate 50% of the drug
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Therapeutic Index
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relative saftey of the drug. The ration between the lethal dose and the effective dose.
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Drug Profile Contains
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Drug Names, Classification, MOI, Indications, Pharamcokinetics, Side effects, Dosages, Route, Contraindications, Special Considerations, Storage requirements.
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Drug Administration Problems with the elderly could be caused by
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Espensive, Noncompliance, Forget Instructions, Errors
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Competitive Antagonist
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Agent with an affinity for the same receptor site as agonist
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Noncompetitive Antagonist
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an agent that combines with different parts of the receptor mechanism and inactivates the receptor so that the agonist can not be effective
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Four Types of nerve fibers are found in most nerves
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Visceral afferent
Visceral efferent Somatic afferent Somatic efferent |
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Visceral afferent
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Sensory fibers, which convey impulses from the internal organs to the CNS
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Visceral efferent
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Motor fibers, which convey impulses from the CNS to the internal organ, glandsm and the smooth and cardiac muscles
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Somatic afferent
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Sensory fibers, which convey impulses from the head, body wall, and extremeties to the CNS
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Somatic efferent
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Motor fibers, which convey impulses from the CNS to the striated muscles
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Sympathetic Nervous System is also known as
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Adrenergic
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Parasympathetic System also known as
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Cholinergic
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The parasympathetic system has what type of receptors
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nicotinic and muscarinic
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Nicotinic receptors are stimulated by and are found where
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nicotine and are found neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscles
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Muscarinic receptors are stimulated by and are found where
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mushroom poison, muscarine and are found at the neruomuscular junction of cardiac smooth muscle
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Drugs that affect the Autonomic Nervous system
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Cholinergic
Cholinergic blocking Adrenergic Adrenergic blocking |
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Chronotropic Drugs
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Affect heart rate
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Dromotropic Drugs
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Affect conduction velocity
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Inotropic Drugs
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strengthen or increase the force of cardiac contraction
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Classifications of antidysrhtymics
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Class I - IV
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Class I Antidysrhtymics
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Sodium channel blockers, slow conduction
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Class II Antidysrhtymics
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Beta blocking agents, reduce adrenergic stimulation of the heart
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Class III Antidysrhtymics
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Produce potassium channel blockade; this increase contractility
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Class IV Antidysrhtymics
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Calium channel blockers work by blocking the inflow of calcium through the cell membrane of the cardiac and smooth muscle cells.
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Hemostatic Agents
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hasten clot formation
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Serotonin affects vessels by which force
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vasoconstriction
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Drugs that affect the adrenal Cortex are
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steriods
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3 types of steriods
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gluccorticoids
mineralocorticoids sex hormones |
