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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Perineal structures associated with the reproductive system are collectively known as
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external genitalia
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Meiosis in males produces four spermatids, each of which contains
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23 chromosomes
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Erection of the penis occurs when
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the vascular channels become engroged with blood
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In males, the primary target of FSH is the
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nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules
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The ovaries are responsible for
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the production of famale gametes, the secretion on female sex hormones and inhibin
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gametes
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reproductive cells
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gonads
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reproductive organs
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interstitial cells
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production of androgens
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seminal glands
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high concentration of fructose
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prostate gland
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secretes antibiotic
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bulbo-urethral glands
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secretes thick, sticky, alkaline mucus
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prepuce
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foreskin of penis
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corpus luteum
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endocrine structure
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endometrium
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uterine lining
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myometrium
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outer muscular uterine wall
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dysmenorrhea
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painful menstruation
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menarche
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female puberty
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clitoris
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femal erectile tissue
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lactation
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milk production
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coitus
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sexual intercourse
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In females, meiosis is not completed
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unless and until fertilization occurs
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If fertilization is to occur, an ovum must encounter spermatozoa during the first hours of its passage
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12 to 24 hours
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The part of the endometrium that undergoes cyclincal changes in response to variations in sex hormone levels is the
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functional zone
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A sudden surrge in LH concentration causes
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the rupture of the follicular wall and ovulation
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At the time of ovulaiton, basal body temperature
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declines sharply
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Menopause in accompained by
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sustained raises in GnRH, FSH, and LH. declines in circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone, thinning of the urethral and vaginal walls
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Idnetntify the reproductive accessory organs and glands in males, and list their function
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males- semianl glands, prostate gland, adn bulbo-urethral glands. They activate spermatozoa, provide nurtients, propel sperm and fluids along reproductive tracat and produce buffers that counteract the acidity of the urethral and vaginal contents
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What are the primary functions of an epididymis
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monitors and adjusts composition of the tubular fluid, recycling center for damaged spermatozoa, stores spermatozoa and facilates function maturation
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What are the primary functions of the ovaries
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produce female gametes (ova), secrete sex hormones, secrete inhibin
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What are the three major functions of the vagina
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Passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids, receives the penis, holds spermatozoa prior to passage, forms lower protion of bieth canal
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How does the reproductive system differ functionally from all other organ systems in teh body?
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only organ system not required for the survival of the individual
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Define meiosis, and identify the products of this process in both males and females
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2-step nuclear division resulting in the formation of four haploid cells from one diploid. In males 4 sperm are produce from each dipliod and one ovum in females
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Using an average uterine cycle of 28 days, describe each of the three phases of the menstrual cycle
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menses (1-7) degeneralt ona loss of functional zone of endometrium. 35-50 mL blood loss. 2) proliferative (menses to ovulation ~14) growth and vascularization to restoration the functional zone 3) secretory phase (ovulation for as long a s corpus luterums intact) progestins and estrogens from teh corpus luterum caue uterine glands to enlarge and secrete more quickley and arteries to elongae and spiral throught functional zone
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Describe the hormonal event associated with the uterine cycle
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corpus luteum degenerates, and a decline in progesterone and estrogen results in endometrial breakdown (menses). Next rising FSH, LH, and estrogen levels stimulate the repair and regeneration of teh functional zone. During the postovulatroy phase the combinations of estrogen and progesterone causes enlargement of the uterine glands and in increase in their secretory activity
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How does aging aggect the reproductive systems of men and women
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women- menopause rises GnRH, FHS, LH while circulating estrogens and progesterone decline leading to reduction in uterus and breast size and thinnig of walls and osteoporosis. Male climacteric (50-60) testosterone declines and FSH and LH increase. Sperm production continues but a reduction in sexual activity occurs
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