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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Lava flow at earth's surface with a Basaltic composition what rock type?
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Basalt
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intrusive equivalent of basaltic. what igneous rock?
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Gobbro
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What does porphyritic texture indicate about the history of an igneous rock?
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It had a two stage cooling history.
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composed of two different crystal sizes.
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What is the difference between Granite and Rhyiolite?
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Granite is course gained(extrusive)
Rhyiolite is fine grained. (intrusive) |
Texture
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Relate the classification of igneous rocks to Bowens reaction series.
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minerals that crystallize at about the same time (temp) ate often found together in the same igneous rock.
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if two identical rocks were weathered one mechanically and one chemically how would the two rocks differ?
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During chemical weathering substances transform.
Mechanical weathering substances don't change composition but they break down smaller pieces. |
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How does mechanical weathering add the effectiveness of chemical weathering?
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Mechanical weathering exposes more surface area to be affected by chemical weathering.
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How is carbonic acid formed in nature?
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Carbon dioxide dissolved in water creates carbonic acid.
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What are the products when this acid reacts with potassium feldspar
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Feldspar crystals become dull and slowly turn to clay. Soluble salt, silica
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Which minerals are most common in detrital sedimentary rocks? Why are these minerals so abundant?
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Clay minerals and quartz.
Quartz is abundant because it is resistant to chemical weathering Clay minerals are abundant because they are the product of chemical weathering . |
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What is the primary basis for distinguishing among various detrital sedimentary rocks?
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Particle size
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Distinguish between the two categories of chemical sedimentary rocks.
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Chemical sedimentary rocks are the result of physical processes.
biochemical sedimentary rocks made from organic material. |
Coquina cemented seashell fragments.
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What are evaporate deposits ?
Provide an example of an evaporite. |
It is a mineral that was dissolved in water and when the water dries up the mineral is deposited.
Halite - rock salt Gypsum Calcium Sulfate |
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Compaction is an important lithification process with which sediment size?
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Fine grained sedimentary rocks such as shale.
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What is probably the single most characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks?
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They are particularly important in the study of Earth's history.
layers: Strata,beds As each layer of sediment accumulates each record the nature of the environment at the time the sediment was deposited. |
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What is metamorphism?
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"To change form" a process that leads to changes in the mineralogy texture when the rock is subjected to the agents of change.
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List the four agents of metamorphism.
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Heat
Confining Pressure Differential stress Chemically active fluids |
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Heat
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triggers chemical reactions
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Pressure
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Causes spaces between mineral grains to close. existing minerals recrystallize into new minerals.
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Chemically active fluids
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Surround mineral grains and act as catalysts to promote recrystallization
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Contact Metamorphism
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A type of metamorphism where rock minerals and texture are changed, mainly by heat, due to contact with magma
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Regional metamorphism
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Where rock minerals and texture are changed by heat and pressure over a wide area or region
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Which feature would easily distinguish schist and Gneiss from quartzite and marble?
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Schist and Gneiss are Foliate
quartzite and Marble are non foliated |
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in what ways do metamorphic rocks differ from the igneous and sedimentary rocks from which they formed
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they may have a different mineral composition; they may become foliated the minerals may be larger than before and they will probably be denser.
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Foliation
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Flat arrangement of mineral grains
Regionally metamorphosed rock Compressional stresses. |
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