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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did Dr. Allison discover about the relationship between the sickle cell trait and malaria? |
People with the sickle cell trait are resistant to malaria. |
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DNA functions as a sort of recipe for the proteins that make an organism what it is and make it work. It doesn't make proteins directly but directs a series of steps that result in proteins. Which sequence correctly follows how this works? |
DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA. Transfer RNA produces the amino acids coded by the mRNA. Ribosomal RNA holds together the mRNA and the tRNA to connect the amino acids together. The amino acids are translated into the proteins specified by the original DNA. |
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What is apoptosis? |
Programmed cell death |
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What is in fruits and vegetables which may interfere with cancer formation? |
Phytochemicals |
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Early embryos have both Wolffian and Mullerian ducts, but in normal XY embryo, what happens? |
Wolffian ducts are maintained, testosterone is secreted and promotes development of the prostate gland and penis. |
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In Griffin's experiments, scientists separated out the building blocks of a smooth bacteria cell:DNA, RNA, carbohydrates, proteins and fats and then mixed each part separately with rough bacteria. What were they trying to figure out and what did they find? |
Which part of bacteria was capable of transforming traits of other bacteria? DNA. |
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Proteins are composed of many subunits called amino acids, which are hooked together in a particular sequence. A change of even one small amino acid may result in a dramatically changed, possibly dysfunctional protein. True or false? |
True |
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Which of the following is not true about the human papilloma virus (HPV)? |
It cannot be spread directly person to person. |
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The female reproductive tract helps sperm along to the egg, but weeds out the less robust sperm. How and why? |
Cervical mucus catches weak swimmers initially and only healthy sperm can attach to the oviduct to wait for the egg. Only healthy sperm get a chance to fertilize the egg. |
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What initially determines gender in humans and other mammals? |
The X and Y chromosomes |
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Traits are sometimes said to "skip a generation". How does this happen. According to Mendels experiments? |
If an allele determining a trait is recessive, it sometimes just doesn't show up, regardless of what traits the parents have, like when Mendel only got purple flowers in the first generation. |
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Metastasis is when? |
Cancer cells spread from a tumor throughout the body. |
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A number of risk factors for cancer are largely beyond your control. These include? |
Wealth, workplace carcinogens, and age |
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Primary sex determination results from DNA directing the production of either testes or ovaries in the embryo. What then determines secondary sexual characteristics? |
Hormones secreted by the testes or ovaries regulate whether male or female sexual structures form in the embryo. |
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What is the role of the SRY gene in normal embryonic development? |
It is necessary for the development of the testes. |
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When one base in a DNA strand is replaced with another, what type of mutation is this? |
Point mutation |
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Choose the correct sequence starting with the smallest unit. |
Nucleotides, DNA, allele, gene, chromosome |
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If a woman can produce gametes with X chromosomes, and a man can produce gametes with either am X or a Y chromosome, and the resulting offspring will be made up of one gamete from each parent, does the father or the mother determine the gender of the baby? |
The father |
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There are more than 100 types of cancer, but they all involve uncontrolled cell growth. True or false? |
True |
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In hormonal contraception, delivered by pill, implant, or injection, which hormones are involved? |
Progesterone and estrogen |
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The APGAR test assesses newborn health. What do the letters stand for? |
Activity, pulse, grimace response, appearance, respiration |
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How would a doctor use surgery and chemotherapy together to treat cancer? |
Surgery removes as much of the cancer as possible and chemot is used to kill off any cancerous cells that may have been missed. |
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How does sickle cell hemoglobin result in oxygen deprivation to vital organs? |
It carries oxygen in the blood normally, but once the oxygen is released, the misshapen HbS molecules tend to stick together into fibers, altering the shape of ted blood cells such that they tend to clog, and blood (and therefore oxygen) flow is impaired. |
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A normal cell cycle consists of |
Gap 1, DNA synthesis, Gap 2, mitosis |
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If a person had Androge -Insensitivity syndrome, at what point in life would it become apparent that there was a problem? |
This individual would appear as a girl but at puberty there would be no Menstruation. |
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What are the two diagnostic tests used to determine the genetic health of a developing fetus? |
Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) |
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Cell division in normal cells is precisely controlled as follows: |
Proto-oncogenes urge a cell to divide and tumor suppressor genes stop cell division . the two keep growth from getting out of control. |
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What is "the genetic code" actually a code for? |
Proteins |
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There are four bases in DNA. How do they pair up? |
A-T and G-C |
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What do cancer cells do wrong compared to normal cells? |
All of the above |
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Sometimes there is a mistake made when DNA is copied. This is called a mutation. Which of the following is true about mutations? |
A mutation is sometimes good and sometimes bad, depending what the change means for how the DNS works. |
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The pituitary gland releases FSH and LH. What do they do in males? |
Stimulate sperm production. And trigger testosterone production. |
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If, during a cell cycle, the chromosomes don't divide properly, what happens in a normal cell compared to a cancer cell. |
In the normal cell the cycle stops, and in the cancer cell it just keeps going. |
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Where does the corpus luteum come from and what does it do? |
The ruptured follicle of the ovary develops into the corpus luteum once the egg is releases. It secretes estrogen and progesterone for pregnancy. |
