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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Charles Darwin
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Origin of Species
Survival of the Fittest Natural Selection Diversity |
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Fixed and Unchanging
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Aristotle
Bible - Genesis - perfect Linnaeus - Taxonomy |
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Proof of Evolution
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Fossil Record
Homologous Structures Genomic evidence |
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Georges Cuvier
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Paleontology
Catastropicism |
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Hutton and Lyell
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Gradual geologic change
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Lamarck
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1. "use and misuse"
2. Acquired traits 3. First to discuss Evolution |
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Alfred Russell Wallace
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Developed theory of natural selection separately from Darwin
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artificial selection
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The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits.
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Darwin's two main themes
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1. Evolution explains life's unity and diversity
2. Natural selection is the cause of adaptive evolution |
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Descent with Modification
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All organisms are related from a common ancestor
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Ernst Mayr - 1st 3 observations and inference 1
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1. Populations increase exponentially
2. But tend to be stable over time 3. Resources are limited INFERENCE: SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST |
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Mayr - last 2 observations and last 2 inferences
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Observation:
1.Great variation exists in a population 2.Variation is heritable Inference: 1. Those individuals with diserable traits live to reproduce and survive 2. an unequal ability to survive and reproduce will lead to a gradual change in traits. |
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Experimental environment transplant
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Guppies in killifish pool vs. pike-cichlid pool
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Selection for resistance
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Bacteria and Viruses evolve rapidly and this poses a great threat to society
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Drug Cocktail
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3 drug treatment to HIV due to quick evolution of Virus
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Homology
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result of common ancestry
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Anatomical Homology
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variations on a common theme present in a common ancestor
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Comparative Embryology
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Anatomical homologies not visible in adults
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Vestigial organs
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Remnants of organs that served important functions in ancestors
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Molecular Homologies
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Genes and proteins shared among ancestors
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Biogeography
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Geographic distribution of species
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Convergent evolution
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Organisms in similar environments tend to evolve similar adaptations, although descended from different ancestors
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Sedimentary Rocks
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Rock formed from sand and mud that once settled in layers on the bottom of seas, lakes, and marshes. Sedimentary rocks are often rich in fossils
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Paleontology
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The scientific study of fossils
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Taxonomy
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Ordered division of organisms into categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences, leading to a classification scheme; the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life.
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Catasthropicism
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The hypothesis by Georges Cuvier that each boundary between strata corresponded in time to a catastrophe, such as a flood or drought, that had destroyed many of the species living there at that time.
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Fossil
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A preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past.
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endemic species
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Species that are confined to a specific, relatively small geographic area
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uniformitarianism
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Charles Lyell′s idea that geologic processes have not changed throughout Earth′s history
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Gradualism
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A view of Earth′s history that attributes profound change to the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes
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biogeography
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The study of the past and present distribution of species
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Malthusian Population Growth
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1. organisms reproduce beyond the capacity of their environment (Carrying Capacity)
2. mortality functions as a population control |
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Social aspects of Evolution
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1. contradicts religion
2. contradicts age of earth 3. fixed and unchanging 4. Humans evolved from lesser species?? |
