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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Unsaturated triaclyglycerols are usually-----because-----.
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liquids; kinks in fatty acid chains prevent fitting together closely
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two functional groups in all amino acids:
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carboxyl and amine
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fats and oils can be referred to by general term----because----
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triacylglycerols, they are formed by reaction of 1,2,3-propanetriol with three fatty acids
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in peptide Ala-Try-Gly-Phe, the N-terminal amino acid is
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alanine
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The tripeptide represented as ala-leu-gly is named
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Alanylleucylglycine
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which R group would most likely be found in hydrophobic area of tertiary structure of a globular protein?
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amide
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most naturally occuring monounsaturated fatty acids are classified as
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cis
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A ----protein extends completely through cell membrane
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integral
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a sphingolipid is
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an unsaturated amino alcohol
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the side chain for histidine is a ----r group. (basic, acidic...)
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basic
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the amino acid sequence of a protein is found in it's---structure
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primary
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the alpha helix of 2dary structure held together by -----bonds between two widely separated parts of protein chain
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hydrogen
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saponification involves-----reactions and the products are ---
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hydrolysis, glycerol and salt of fatty acid
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disulfide bonds in a protein chain connect
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two cysteine residues
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Is glycine chiral?
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no
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The lipid that is predominant in cell membranes is
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phospholipid
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----bonds combine amino acids in a protein.
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amide
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liquid veg oil is converted to solid fat by
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hydrogenation
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Triglycerides belong to which general classs of organic molecules?
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esters
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Bonds that are important in secondary structure of protein
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hydrogen
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fatty acids are ----acids with long, -----carbon chains.
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carboxylic, hydrophobic
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In a typical amino acid zwitterion, the carboxylate end is + or - charged?
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negative
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saponification reactions can be described as
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hydrolysis
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----amino acids are not synthesized in the body
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essential
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steroids are composed of
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tetracyclic ring with substituents at various position
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The alpha amino acid refers to
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molecule with amino group on alpha carbon
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hemoglobin is a -----with a ------structure
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protein, globular
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the addition of a base to a zwitteriion results in a ----charge on the carboxylate end and is also termed
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negative, anion (-)
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----acid is the immediate precursor to prostaglands and contains 20 carbons and 4 dble bonds
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arachidonic
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-----lipids give cell membranes shape
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glycerophospho
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fats are generally---at room temp and obtained from--
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solid, animals
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glycolipids are similar in structure to sphingomyelins except phosphate group has been replaced by a----
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carbohydrate
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the two main classifications of proteins are
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fibrous (structure) and globular (nonstructure)
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this lipid is the most abundant steroid in body and will give no fatty acid when hydrolyzed
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cholesterol
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lipids are hydrophobic. true or false
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true
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lipids are insoluble in water but solube in ---
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nonpolar solvent
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three major functions of lipids
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store energy, part of membranes, chemical messengers
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three energy-yielding substances
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fats, carbs, proteins
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the burning of ----produces twice as much energy as carbs
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fats at 9kcal/g, with carbs at 4
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simple lipids are
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fats, oils waxes
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list complex lipids and basic structure
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phopholipid- alc, fat acid, ester w/phosphate
sphingolipids-sphingosine, amide, unsaturated amino alcohol glycolipid-sphingosine and carbohy |
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solid fats have a---configuration
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trans
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glycerol is optically----
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inactive, no chiral carbon
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triglycerides, or triacylglycerols, are
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tri-esters of glycerol and carboxylic acids called fatty acids
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backbone of lipids----
long, hydrophobic carbon chains--- |
backbone-glycerol
chains-fatty acid |
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fatty acids contain an even # of unbranched carbons because
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they are mad up of acetate units
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unsaturated fatty acids in nature are almost always a ---isomer
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cis- prevents stacking and solidifying
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fats contain long, saturated fatty acids and therefore less dble bonds. true?
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true
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name two unsaturated fatty acids
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linoleic and linolenic acids
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hydrogenation is the addition of---
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h2
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when unsaturated fatty acids are converted from cis to trans, they increase this type of cholesterol
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LDL= low density lipoprotein (bad)
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prostaglandin functions include
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affect blood-platelet aggregation in clotting
-control inflam, lower blood pressure adn stimulate uterine contractions in childbirth |
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waxes are esters with a long chain of carb acids with long chain alcs
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true
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glycerophospholipids are also called
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phosphoglycerlipids
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phospholipids contain
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alcohol, fatty acid and phospate groups
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glycolipids contain
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sphingosine as alc port., carbohydrate and fatty acid
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general function of membranes
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exclude dangerous chems while allowing nutrients in
confine special molecules to sections of cell |
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membranes consist of
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hydrophillic, polar heads and hydrophobic, nonpolar tails
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---- is a type of transport that doesnt use energy
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facilitated diffusion
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the fat soluble vitamins are
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adek
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vit a good for
vit d for vit k for |
a- vision
d- calcium metabolism k- clotting |
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water soluble vitamins assist in
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metabolism of enery-supplying nutrients
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proteins are digested to give
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amino acids
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functions of proteins (8)
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structure, catalysis, movement, transport, hormones, protection, storage, regulation
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there are --- amino acids that make up proteins in nature
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20 alpha amino acids
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neutral amino acids (15) have an equal # of amino and carb groups. acidic have more----than ----
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COOH than amino
they are aspartic acid and glut. acid |
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the essential aa can be remembered by using PVT Tim Hall never argues(arg) and rarely tires (no tyr)
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they are arg, hist, isoleuc, leuc, lysine. methionione. phenly, threonin, tryptophan, valine
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all aa are chiral except
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glycine
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D and L indicate
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position of Nh2 in a fischer projection. D is on the RHS
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amphoteric means that an aa can react either as a
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base or acid
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aa exists mainly as -----, which can be altered to anion or cation with additon of base or acid, respectively
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zwitterions
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the pH of an aa is called
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isoelectric point (pI)
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buffer solutions neutralize both acids and bases. true?
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true
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at their pI, aa exist in aqueous solutions largely or entirely as
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zwitterion
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in proteins, the monomers are---and can also be called----because of the bonds between teh monomers
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amino acids, polypeptides or polyamides
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to form an amide bond between amino acids, an ----rxn of H20 must occur
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elimination
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polypeptides contain---- amino acids joined
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40-50
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in linear peptides, the amino group is called---terminal residue and carboxyl end i
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N, C terminal residue
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list 4 structures of protein and differences
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1- aa sequence
2-how segments of peptide backbone orient in pattern 3-how entire thing coils in 3d shape 4-how diff pros come togehter |
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there are--------different dipeptides possible from the 20 aa. tripeptides? what is formula for figuring?
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20x20=400
20x20x20=8000 20n, n is #of peptides |
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repeating patterns of proteins and the two most common
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2 structure,
alpha helix -coils with intramolecular h bonds B-pleated sheet-backbone together with intermolecular hydrogen bonding |
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tertiary structures are stabilized by (5)
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covalent (disulfide) bonds, h bonds, salt bridges (ionic) btwn acidicCOO- and basicNH3+, hydrophobic and metal ion coordination
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the 1 structure largely determines 2 and 3?
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yes
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examples of 4 structures
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hemoglobin and collagen (has 2 and 4)
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fibrous consist of ----structures and globular proteins of------structures
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2, 4
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conjugated proteins contain non-amino acid portions?
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yes
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the non-aa portion of conjugated protein is called
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prosthetic group.
ex- in hemoglobin, globins are non-aa and the heme units are prosthetics |