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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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virtual groups
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small groups whose members rarely interact face-to-face and who mostly communicate by using electronic technologies
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culture
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a learned set of enduring values, beliefs, and practices that are shared by an identifiable, large group of people with a common history
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values
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most deeply felt, generally shared view of what is deemed good, right, or worthwhile thinking or behavior
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beliefs
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what a person thinks is true or probable
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co-culture
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a group of people who live in a dominant culture yet remain connected to another cultural heritage that typically exhibits significant differences in values, beliefs, and practices from the dominant culture (african-americans, asain- americans, ect.)
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value dimensions
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varying degrees of importance placed on those deeply felt views of what is right, good, and worthwhile (deep structural reasons for cultural miscommunication)
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individualist culture
1. U.S. 2. Australia 3. Great Britain 4. Canada 5. Netherlands |
individuals see themselves as loosely linked to eachother and largely independent of group identification (cheifly motivated by own preferences, needs, and goals with emphasis on SELF)
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collectivist culture
1. Guatemala 2. Equador 3. Panama 4. Venezuela 5. Colombia |
ind. see themselves as being closely linked to one or more groups (ind. often downplay personal goals in favor of advancing goals of a valued group)
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socialization
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the communication of shared cultural practices, beliefs, and values from generation to generation
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low-context communication style
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verbally precise, direct, explicit (individualist cultures)
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high-context communication style
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uses indirect verbal expression (collectivist cultures)
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power-distance dimension
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variations in the acceptability of unequal distribution of power in relationships, institutions, and organizations
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Low-PD culture
(low power dimension) (horizontal culture) |
values relatively equal power sharing and discourages attention to status differences and ranking in society
(U.S., Great Britain, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, Israel, New Zealand) |
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High-PD culture
(vertical cultures) |
relatively strong emphasis on maintaining power differences
(Malaysia, Guatemala, the Philippines, Mexico, India, Singapore, Hong Kong) |
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ethnocentrism
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the notion that one's own culture is superior to any other
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cultural relativism
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views cultures as merely different, not deficient (we must respect all cultures)
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multiculturalism
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a social-intellectual movement that promotes the value of diversity as a core principle and insists that all cultural groups be treated with respect and as equals (assumes universal human rights)
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Acculturation
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the process of adapting to a culture different from one's own
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Assimilation
(strategy of acculturation) |
the abandonment of the customs, practices, language, identity, and ways of living of ones heritage for those of the host culture
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separation
(strategy of acculturation) |
maintaining ones ethnic identity and avoiding contact with the dominant culture
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integration
(strategy of acculturation) |
maintaining ones ethnic identity while also becoming an active part of the dominant culture
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marginalization
(strategy of acculturation) |
maintaining no ties to either ones native or new culture (these ind. experience feelings that they dont belong anywhere)
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uncertainty reduction theory
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when strangers first meet, their principle goal is to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability (uncertainty often produces anxiety)
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acculturative stress
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the anxiety that comes from the unfamiliarity of new cultural surroundings, rules, norms, and practices and the attempt to adapt to these new circumstances
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divergence
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differences that seperate people
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convergence
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similarities that connect us to others
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gender role stereotypes
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the set of expectations defined by each culture that specifies what is appropriate behavior for men and women
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masculine culture
1. Japan 2. Austria 3. Venezuela 4. Italy 5. Switzerland -U.S. |
exhibits stereotypic masculine traits such as male dominance, ambitiousness, assertiveness, competitiveness, and drive for acheivement (gender roles are rigid and distinct)
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feminine culture
1. Sweden 2. Norway 3. Netherlands 4. Denmark 5. Costa Rica |
exhibits stereotypic feminine traits such as affection, nurturance, sensitivity, compassion, and emotional expressiveness (gender roles less rigid and more overlapping/ equality between the sexes is more typical)
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gender differences hypothesis
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men and women communicate in vastly divergent ways
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gender similarities hypothesis
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gender differences in communication are not significant
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